/MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 73 0 obj /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning >> >> Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . 80 0 obj Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. endobj /Resources << /Resources << /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] << /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructTreeRoot null /TT0 120 0 R 68 0 obj >> endobj >> OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. /ExtGState << Advantages and disadvantages of . After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 236 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /Font << /TT0 120 0 R The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Properties << >> /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 endobj /Parent 16 0 R /Type /Pages /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> /Parent 10 0 R /Contents 259 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /C2_0 232 0 R endobj /Contents 275 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Inclusive education also benefits general education . 1. << >> 25 0 obj >> /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. >> /Resources << >> 0000019248 00000 n >> >> << /GS0 125 0 R 78 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page >> /Font << >> endobj << /Nums [0 21 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] << /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 10 0 R Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> /StructParents 20 In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. << >> >> It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /TT1 121 0 R /Count 10 /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 43 0 obj /Properties << >> /Properties << << /Resources << This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Pages >> /StructParents 64 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Contents 274 0 R This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << >> << 46 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Resources << >> << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /Title /Properties << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 14 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. /Font << /Rotate 0 >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << /StructParents 30 71 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 0 << /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R >> << /Properties << /Resources << << >> /Properties << >> /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /Contents 272 0 R /Font << << << endobj /StructParents 52 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R A market is always going to have winners and losers. endobj /ExtGState << /TT1 231 0 R 5 0 obj /StructParents 41 >> << >> Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /Font << >> /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /Font << << endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. /Type /Page Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). >> /StructParents 4 >> /Annots [127 0 R] /StructParents 5 endobj endobj the 1988 Education Reform Act. >> /StructParents 11 45 0 obj /Type /Page /CreationDate (D:20040616154025+03'00') /Contents 220 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Count 10 /MC0 129 0 R >> endobj << Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /Outlines 3 0 R /Font << >> /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R 85 0 obj >> The one-day forum of presentations and endobj by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Contents 289 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R >> /Pages 2 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Order [] NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. >> /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /MC0 129 0 R The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 110 0 obj /Resources << GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. >> /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.. /Contents 300 0 R 99 0 obj 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] /ExtGState << The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 260 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 237 0 R >> /Parent 14 0 R /Font << /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 16 0 R In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . >> /TT2 159 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 Both brought with them changes that are . Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. /GS0 125 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 2 0 R << >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . << /Contents 271 0 R /Rotate 0 >> >> /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /Resources << /Properties << It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> << /Contents 262 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /StructParents 85 Children can choose schools according to their preferences. /Font << Advantages: 1. /Contents 243 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Font << The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. /Font << /Font << /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. /Parent 14 0 R Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /TT1 226 0 R A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. >> /ExtGState << >> /Limits [ ] /Contents 278 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 0000033023 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << endobj /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << endobj /Parent 14 0 R >> >> endobj /ExtGState << The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /TT0 120 0 R /XObject << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT3 121 0 R /Resources << endobj /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R 0000005213 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 10 0 R /Font << OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /StructParents 15 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. >> /StructParents 44 /ExtGState << 0000000994 00000 n >> /Count 10 /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Parent 10 0 R 94 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Properties << The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. >> 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /TT2 159 0 R >> >> /TT1 226 0 R /Contents 241 0 R However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. 21 0 obj endobj >> Learn how your comment data is processed. 63 0 obj 37 0 obj >> /Parent 9 0 R << /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << endobj /TT3 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> 0000002642 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> << endobj /StructParents 48 Registered in England & Wales No. >> (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). >> /ExtGState << /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Properties << >> New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. << /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> << /TT1 121 0 R >> 36 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R 19 0 obj /Contents 131 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Contents 227 0 R Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . /TT1 121 0 R Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 10 0 R << >> The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. /Resources << But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /TT0 120 0 R endobj /StructParents 31 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. /Resources << /Font << /TT1 226 0 R >> /D << << >> /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page /Rotate 0 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /Font << endobj >> The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page 75 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R >> >> >> When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /Rotate 0 /StructParents 26 >> 57 0 obj >> >> /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] >> Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. /MC0 129 0 R This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << >> << 1 0 obj 50 0 obj Access to better education. /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> 0000001418 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 24 0 obj /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << << Gage, N.L. /Rotate 0 >> << /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 231 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /GS0 125 0 R 61 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << << << /Contents 267 0 R /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 14 0 R >> >> Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. endobj /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << love it! >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. /Type /Page /Parent 16 0 R /StructParents 63 /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << endobj How do I view content? /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Contents 294 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << << However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Pages >> endobj /Properties << The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /Resources << >> More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. /Font << Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. 112 0 obj But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. << >> >> << Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. endobj /TT0 120 0 R Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. >> /Properties << /StructParents 87 /StructParents 3 /TT1 226 0 R Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. >> >> /StructParents 53 >> /Prev 308 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen >> 0000004437 00000 n /StructParents 66 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Contents 128 0 R /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 50 Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /ExtGState << /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Usage << These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] . /Parent 16 0 R This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). History. >> /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /StructParents 25 >> /Parent 12 0 R >> /Contents 245 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. endobj /Contents 286 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /Parent 17 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. endobj (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") >> << From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. >> >> >> >> /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 70 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 36 /PageElement << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page /Font << /Type /Page /Contents 246 0 R endobj Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. 62 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R >> endobj /Font << Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /ExtGState << There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Type /Page endobj >> /TT1 226 0 R 89 0 obj >> /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R << /Font << /Parent 13 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Title /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << >> /Font << /Contents 303 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> /Resources << >> >> endobj >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> /TT2 226 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /Font << /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page startxref /Type /Page >> /Font << /Resources << endobj /Parent 3 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Title /TT0 120 0 R Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. 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