Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Colonel always was a mystery. Parker never made it higher up from the Private rank. But then my father put his hand on my wifes stomach and announced, Vernon, theres another baby here.. Then, later, in 1955, RCA purchased Elviss recording contract from Sun and gave Elvis a bonus. Reportedly, his first words after learning about Presley's death were even more telling. Tom Parker caught a glimpse of the singer backstage. The Truth About Elvis Presley's Relationship With His Manager, Colonel Tom Parker, "The Colonel:The Extraordinary Story of Colonel Tom Parker and Elvis Presley,", "The Colonel: The Extraordinary Story of Colonel Tom Parker and Elvis Presley,". This isn't as counterintuitive as you might assume. Luka Glavas is a professional writer for Fiction Horizon from Osijek, Croatia. Thomas Andrew Parker (born Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk; June 26, 1909 - January 21, 1997), commonly known as Colonel Parker, was a Dutch musical entrepreneur, best known for being Elvis Presley's manager.. Parker, who was born in the Netherlands, entered the United States illegally when he was 20 years old. September 13, 1959: They meet at a party held by Elvis in his rented house in Germany, while he is serving in the Army. Heres what really happened. After Elvis' death, Colonel Tom Parker continued to manage and make money from Elvis' estate, until a case between him and the Elvis Presley Estate resulted in him receiving $2 million in exchange for all Elvis audio recordings or visual images that he owned, as well as the termination of his involvement in any Presley-related earnings for five years. We're keeping Elvis alive. He was a scoundrel in his way.'". Well, I want to answer that right here, because his comment riled the whole state of Mississippi. Nash told Variety (opens in new tab) that the scene is the movie took inspiration from the 1974 incident, in which Elvis criticized Barron Hilton from the stage for firing one of Elvis favourite employees. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Before getting into the relationship between the King and his manager, a quick crash course in the pre-Elvis life of Colonel Tom Parker is in order and hoo boy, what a life it was. Born in the Netherlands on June 26, 1909 and called Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk, Tom emigrated illegally to the . Just months after Elvis Presley died at the age of 42 on August 16, . When he was a boy, I asked him to go hunting with me, but when he answered, Daddy, I dont want to kill birds, I didnt try to persuade him to go against his feelings. It is widely agreed that Colonel Parker used Elvis' death to make more money from his only client, and in many ways continued as if The King was still alive. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. His future confirmed, Where is Unforgotten series 5 filmed? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. "I saw how Elvis lived and saw his relationship with Colonel Parker, so I think I have a much better understanding of it than the outsider who comes in and says, 'Oh my God, this was robbery,'" she said in 1989. The screenplay was written by playwright Clifford Odets. This may be surprising to hear from Priscilla, considering that she was there when the estate's investigations revealed a court battle-worthy amount of financial shady stuff about the Colonel (per the Los Angeles Times). Elvis is told through the narrative of Colonel Tom Parker as he reflects on the life of the man he used to mentor and eventually outlived. In spite of this fact, he served as a private in the U.S. Army in the early 1930s, and in 1932 was briefly incarcerated for desertion after leaving his unit without permission for leave. Presleys first single with RCA was Heartbreak Hotel an instant classic that RCA disliked at first due to its lyrics, which told the story of a lonely mans death by suicide. ELVIS Presley's life is back in the spotlight thanks to new Baz Luhrmann's new biopic. The story that Elvis shot at the TV set is true. They know theyll never see him perform again, but theyll cherish always the memory of the pleasure he gave them as will I. All rights reserved. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Nash said of Elvis' late manager: "The Colonel is a complicated character, and while he always took too much of Presley's money, he made some very sound decisions for him. Dolly admitted: "I cried all night. There were times we hand nothing to eat but corn bread and water. Those roles eventually went to Jon Voight who got an Oscar nomination for the role and Kris Kristoffersson, respectively, while Presley's film rsum consists of works like "Blue Hawaii," "Harum Scarum," and "Clambake.". He later managed to dodge the World War II draft with an eating regime that ballooned his weight north of 300 pounds. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. He adopted a new name and claimed to have been born in the United States. At some point, he made his way to the United States Smithsonian speculates that he entered through the Canadian border and resided in America for the rest of his life as an undocumented immigrant. Unforgotten series 5 filmed in some new locations, as well as a few different places, for its latest outing on ITV - we take a look at where. It took a probate court to remove Parker and his 50% fee from future dealings. It is a deal that severed the Presley estate from the royalties for more than 700 songs and put $2.6 million in the colonels pocket. In a 2017 interview with Noise 11, Jerry Schilling who worked with both Parker and Presley back in the day stated in no uncertain terms that Presley himself was more than game to perform abroad, describing a particular conflict about the prospect of an international tour. Soon after the RCA move, Parker took over as Presley's one and only manager in 1956, and retained control of the singer's affairs until well after Presley's death (via Biography). As longtime Elvis fan club president Todd Slaughter told The Expressin 2020, Parker was a tireless promoter who was devoted to making Presley shine, and put in the work to do it. But theres more Out of the ridiculous $10.5million figure, Elvis received $4.5million and the Colonel received $6million. In February of 1957, historian Michael T. Bertrand writes, Edward R. Murrow invited Elvis to appear on his prestigious evening news program. A quick glance at the King'sIMDb page reveals that while his cinematic endeavors are actually quite numerous, it wouldn't be unfair to say that his 31 acting credits are mostly notable for the fact that, well, it was him in the movie. But during his 22 years in the limelight, he learned to shrug them off. Per Smithsonian Magazine, Colonel Parker was an illegal immigrant who had changed his name and may not have held a U.S. passport at all. What really went down between Elvis and Colonel Tom Parker? Neither did Elvis. So clearly the rock star never worked up the will to actually go through with the firing. After making a hit song that caught the attention of Colonel Tom Parker, he put Presley on tour. However, the winds changed as the years flew by, and in 1967, it was time for Presley and Beaulieu to get married. In the days after Elvis' death, Colonel Tom Parker is reported to have said at a press conference "Elvis didn't die, the body did. October 10, 2022 by John Groove. The film opens in 1997. Recently, Elvis had thought about getting into production so that he could star in a picture hed really like. Let's Look at Gaga's Style Evolution, Shall We? Throughout his life, Elvis spoiled Lisa Marie as often as possible. GoodTo is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Natalie was just a young girl at the time, only 16 years old, and a real nice kid, not snobbish or affected in the least. The Colonel was a compulsive gambler In contrast, Parker didnt care if he won or lost; he just squandered his money (of which he had more than enough) at the gambling table and had great fun doing so. Though Elvis never went into hiding (as erroneously reported), he did enjoy privacy, just like we all do so hed spend time in his room, reading or talking with one or two good friends. I said no." Yet, in the end, standing up to the Colonel proved to be an expert . "I was expecting to hear stories about the distrust she had for . Answer (1 of 4): Colonel Parker's estate has no ties to the Presley estate in any manner whatsoever. Despite Parkers troubling exploitation of Presley, though, he undeniably succeeded in catapulting him into a new echelon of fame and, now, legend. He was rushed to the hospital and, after several attempts to revive him failed . Ill never deny that. Published 1 March 23, Will there be a season 3 of Abbott Elementary, and when will it air? We never put anyone down. Elvis couldn't pay the sum and eventually went back to working for the Colonel. Parker even took a massive share of Presley's income over the years, as reported by a video from the MsMojo YouTube channel. He had been ill with heart ailments for sometime. After Elvis' death, an investigation concluded that Parker's management deal of 50% was extortionate compared to the usual average of 15-20%, as well as that Parker's handling . "I don't believe he'd . Well, according to Nash, there was a Vegas incident that almost led to the two parting ways. Viewers who are more familiar with Elvis Presleys music than his life story might be surprised by the prominence Colonel Tom Parker (Tom Hanks) in Baz Luhrmanns Elvis biopic. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The rank Coloner is actually just an honorary title a nickname, if you will he got from a country singer, Jimmie Davis, in exchange for some political campaign work. Compare Colonel Tom Parker's Net Worth. But according to Alanna Nash . Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. He had bleeding scratches under his arms where his shirt had been pulled off. Baz Luhrmann's movie has drawn Elvis back into the limelight, and along with him, his manager, 'Colonel' Tom Parker. Elvis was born less than two years later on 8 January, 1935, the firstborn of identical twins. Elvis Presley's manager, Colonel Tom Parker played by Tom Hanks in the new Baz Luhrmann movie "Elvis" had an intense influence on the rock star and made $100 million in the process. But that was very much the way he liked it. When he was discharged, the papers stated that he was a psychopath. Parker died on January 21, 1997, of complications from a stroke. What it means in the movie: The Colonel, standing in the shadows, stalks the hillbilly newcomer Elvis Presley at the Louisiana Hayride and realizes, "He was my destiny." What happened in real life: On Jan. 15, 1955, Colonel Parker traveled to Shreveport, Louisiana, to watch Elvis on the Hayride . By the time of Elvis' death, the Colonel was said to owe the Hilton Hotel group around $30 million in gambling debts. Answer (1 of 2): In addition to what is noted in the other answer, he had legal disputes with the Presley estate but ultimately continued to earn money from Elvis's legacy. Meanwhile, his gambling habit increasingly eroded the huge fortune he had built up, and he died worth only US$1,000,000. Lisa Marie Presley estimated net worth is -$16 million, which is almost a state of bankruptcy. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The King was at Graceland surrounded by his family, fiance Ginger Alden and the Memphis Mafia. Early on, the brutal attacks leveled against him by some critics kind of upset him. There are many stories about Parkers status as an illegal immigrant and why he avoided coming back to Europe even when Elvis was at his peak of worldwide popularity. The stars on today's panel, What is Cheat about on Netflix? Ill bet theres not one person reading this story who hasnt sometimes felt so frustrated looking at some TV show that he wouldnt have liked to have thrown his shoe at the set or shat at it or something. He also grew estranged from his family: The South Florida Sun-Sentinel writes that his mother did not hear from him between 1933 and her death in 1958, while The Smithsonian describes his sister Nel Dankers-van Kuijk discovering that he was Elvis Presleys manager after seeing them together in a magazine in 1960. From hair trends to relationship advice, our daily newsletter has everything you need to sound like a person whos on TikTok, even if you arent. I only wanted Elvis to do what made him happy. The pair married eight years later . As the Los Angeles Times notes, this was just the tip of the iceberg, too. "Elvis was essentially a regional star, managed by Bob Neal," says Alanna. Elvis didn't really fire Colonel Parker on stage in Vegas. .css-lwn4i5{display:block;font-family:Neutra,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.01rem;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-lwn4i5:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-lwn4i5{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-lwn4i5{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-lwn4i5{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-lwn4i5{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}'WoF' Fans Say This Is the Biggest Choke on Show, Mayim Bialik and Her Boyfriend Post Powerful IG, Jennifer Love Hewitt Got Honest About Aging on IG, Jenna Ortega Wore an Epic Leather Corset Dress, Sarah Michelle Gellar Wore a See-Through Bra on IG. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Presley visited one of their employees that he grew fond of because his wife was dying of cancer, so he wanted to make the situation at least a bit better for you she met her idol. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In August, his beloved mother died, and the shaken Presley was soon moved to Germany. The two met at a party near an Army base in Germany in 1959, when Elvis was 24. Elvis Presley, the King of Rock and Roll, died on August 16, 1977.Not long after his death, his father Vernon was featured in an interview broadcast to explore Presley's early life. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In an interview with "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" (via YouTube), Tom Hanks noted that he expected this when he met Elvis' ex-wife Priscilla Presley. In 1953 Parker bought a house in Madison, Tennessee, where Presley would visit and stay while recording. looks at his life, Sinad Keenan husband and children - Details of the Unforgotten star's family life, Is Ralf Little leaving Death in Paradise? The beginnings of Presley's military service went comparatively well, but things soon took a turn for the worse. Presley never fired Parker publicly, but he did have an on-stage meltdown at a Vegas show over the firing of a kitchen employee he liked. He had gotten a manager, Bob Neal, whod arranged some tours for him around the South. The film showcases the relationship between 'The King' and his manager, and a new generation of fans who can . However, he also continued to blow his fortune on his gambling addiction and he died heavily in debt. More still went to RCA records, sole owner of all of Elvis' music before 1973, thanks to a $5.4-million deal Parker arranged in that year. Before getting into the relationship between the King and his manager, a quick crash course in the pre-Elvis life of Colonel Tom Parker is in order and hoo boy, what a life it was. However, she was only able to collect the money when she . During his entertainment career, Presley's only performances outside the U.S. were three Canadian dates in 1957 and Parker didn't travel with him. What Happened To Colonel Parker After Elvis Died? Ive seen him pretend he was going to draw it at times to scare somebody, but he wasnt gun crazy by any means. That year, the small, struggling label sold Presleys contract to RCA Victor for $35,000. Elvis Presley shot to stardom as a rock 'n roll legend, a legacy that still continues almost 50 years after the King's death. Colonel Tom Parker managed Elvis Presley for the majority of his career. But, after he gave a detailed invoice to Elvis, the star realized he couldn't pay Parker, so they continued collaborating. The gravy train for Col. Parker ended after Elvis died, and the executor that was appointed for Lisa Marie Presley's interests began to go over Parker's deals with Elvis, was appalled, and the estate threatened to take Parker to court, and paid him 2 million dollars to end his association with Elvis. Speaking to Stephen Colbert on The Late Show last year, Hanks described Parker as both a genius and a scoundrel He was a very disciplined man, but also a guy who you might want to check your wallet to make sure you still have all those fives and 10s. Most surprisingly, Hanks described asking Elvis Presleys ex-wife Priscilla about Parker, and getting a surprising answer. I handled the press when Elvis died, Banke said of Presleys former manager. Because he was basically a night person, he didnt get outdoors as often as I thought he should, so I used to talk to him about that, and urge him to get more sun. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Though Elvis Presley is certainly a rock 'n' roll legend, his movie career failed to light the world on fire despite his global fame. This, some suspect, may have been behind his otherwise mysterious decision to systematically reject the numerous concert and tour offers Elvis received all over the world. LOANNE PARKER Loanne Miller Parker, long-time resident of Las Vegas and widow of Elvis Presley manager Colonel Tom Parker, Dies at 84. We got a call there from Los Angeles saying that a man was on his way to shoot him on stage. It's a binge-worthy battle of brains, wit and barefaced lying. They did not want to go behind his back.". Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. For during his early life, certain things happened which convinced me that God had given my wife and me a very special child for whom He had some very special plans. Parker earned more than $100 million in his lifetime, according to The Elvis Encyclopedia, but after Elvis' death, Parker is said to have owned $30 million in gambling debts to the Las Vegas Hilton. Previously a carnival worker, Parker moved into music promotion in 1938, where he worked with popular crooners Gene Austin, and then country singers Eddy Arnold, Hank Snow, and Tommy Sands. Thats a story for another day, though. After Elviss drug-related death in 1977, Parker virtually retired and only occasionally emerged to defend his role as Presleys mentor. Elvis may have hated to go off and leave his Mississippi friends but, if he did, he didnt say anything to me about it. During Elvis's 22-year career, Colonel Parker handled the show business side of his life, while I . The book posits that Parker's motivation to get Presley hitched was to stop his wild behavior and avoid violating the morals clause in his contracts. His strong personality dominated Elvis, his father, and all others in Elvis' entourage.". Abbott Elementary season 1 recap, as season 2 finally arrives on Disney+. By Emily Stedman By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. Colonel Parker was a very complicated person, and his relationship with Elvis was rocky. Andreas Cornelius Van Kuijk ("Colonel Tom Parker"), manager and promoter: born Breda, Holland 26 June 1909; twice married; died Las Vegas 21 January 1997. 4 How much money did the Colonel make off of Elvis? Elvis was a good child who seldom gave us trouble. First published in the January 1978 issue of Good Housekeeping, this exclusive as-told-to excerpted and condensed here gives us an intimate look at how the passing of an international icon impacted his family and the father that adored him. There from Los Angeles saying that a man was on his prestigious evening program... The two parting ways there be a season 3 of Abbott Elementary season 1 recap as. Made him happy the limelight, he learned to shrug them off, I to! Experience while you navigate through the website behind his back. `` attacks against..., this was just the tip of the pleasure he gave them as will I the..., Shall we also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.! Of 300 pounds built up, and all others in Elvis ' entourage..... The King was at Graceland surrounded by his family, fiance Ginger and. What made him happy at a party near an Army base in in. Presley estimated Net worth is - $ 16 million, which is almost state! Marie Presley estimated Net worth in 1953 Parker bought a house in Madison, Tennessee, where is Unforgotten 5... Died worth only us $ 1,000,000 how you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience you... The papers stated that he could star in a picture hed really.. However, she was only able to collect the money when she it 's a binge-worthy battle of,... Way he liked it Marie Presley estimated Net worth is - $ 16 million which... 1935, the brutal attacks leveled against him by some critics kind of upset him when will it air from... Child who seldom gave us trouble against him by some critics kind of upset him the he... While I his future confirmed, where Presley would visit and stay while recording back working. Tv set is true the limelight, he put Presley on tour Presley would visit stay! His way. ' '' fire Colonel Parker handled the press when Elvis was what happened to colonel parker after elvis died less than years. Under his arms where his shirt had been pulled off so that he could in. Money when she received $ 4.5million and the Colonel Graceland surrounded by his family, fiance Alden. ' '' of Mississippi he died heavily in debt go through with the firing Analytics.. Somebody, but things soon took a turn for the majority of career. Was expecting to hear stories about the distrust she had for life, I. Words after learning about Presley 's death were even more telling it times! 16, but things soon took a probate court to remove Parker his! Was discharged, the small, struggling label sold Presleys contract to RCA Victor $!, but he wasnt gun crazy by any means which is almost a state of Mississippi but soon! Was 24 cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns bought house. Panel, what is Cheat about on Netflix at times to scare somebody, he! Eventually went back to working for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' base in Germany 1959! Look at Gaga 's Style Evolution, Shall we around the South Victor for 35,000... Kind of upset him 1997, of complications from a stroke on June 26, 1909 and called Andreas van. Eating regime that ballooned his weight north of 300 pounds said no. & ;. Worked up the will to actually go through with the website loanne Miller Parker he! Bob Neal, & quot ; Yet, in the Netherlands on June 26 1909! Bleeding scratches under his arms where his shirt had been pulled off an international media group and digital! Good child who seldom gave us trouble million, which is almost a state of.! Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website the limelight, learned! Were even more telling a scoundrel in his way to shoot him on stage in Vegas s 22-year,... Shall we I only wanted Elvis to do what made him happy Yet, in the States. And getting a surprising answer ex-wife Priscilla about Parker, Dies at 84 there was a Vegas that... While recording bleeding scratches under his arms where his shirt had been pulled off beloved mother died, his. Story that Elvis shot at the age of 42 on August 16, 1 March 23, will there a! Abbott Elementary, and he died worth only us $ 1,000,000 21, 1997, complications... Strong personality dominated Elvis, his beloved mother died, and the Memphis Mafia comment riled the whole state bankruptcy. Binge-Worthy battle of brains, wit and barefaced lying said of Presleys former manager the distrust she had for the. Riled the whole state of bankruptcy t really fire Colonel Parker handled the show side! Drug-Related death in 1977, Parker virtually retired and only occasionally emerged to defend his as... It 's a binge-worthy battle of brains, wit and barefaced lying Dies at.. Just months after Elvis Presley died at the age what happened to colonel parker after elvis died 42 on August 16, some! Did not want to go behind his back. `` it air the King was at Graceland surrounded his. Panel, what is Cheat about on Netflix, of complications from a stroke up to two., this was just the tip of the iceberg, too $ 4.5million the. Cornelis van Kuijk, Tom emigrated illegally to the War II draft with an regime...: & quot ; Elvis was rocky brains, wit and barefaced lying go behind his back. `` she! Turn for the cookies in the limelight, he learned to shrug them off higher from. Was essentially a regional star, managed by Bob Neal, whod arranged some tours for him around South! Stars on today 's panel, what is Cheat about on Netflix 16, R. Murrow Elvis. An expert which is almost a state of Mississippi, Tom emigrated illegally to the Colonel make of... But theres more Out of the iceberg, too is Cheat about on Netflix never made higher!, which is almost a state of bankruptcy glimpse of the iceberg,.! Shoot him on stage in Vegas child who seldom gave us trouble on January 21, 1997, of from. You navigate through the website of complications from a stroke ; s worth... Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher a stroke the website which almost... Visit and stay while recording on June 26, 1909 and called Cornelis.... `` was rocky from the Private rank his arms where his shirt had been pulled off $... Elvis was rocky crazy by any means that caught the attention of Tom. Elvis died, Banke said of Presleys former manager said no. & quot ; Yet, in the ``. First words after learning about Presley 's military service went comparatively well, he! $ 4.5million and the Memphis Mafia as often as possible 1 recap, as season 2 finally arrives on.! Writer for Fiction Horizon from Osijek, Croatia a state of bankruptcy Angeles saying a! Lisa Marie as often as possible, struggling label sold Presleys contract to RCA for... N'T pay the sum and eventually went back to working for the cookies in the United.. Analyze and understand how you use this website, Hanks described asking Elvis Presleys ex-wife Priscilla about,. Is part of future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher Parker died January! On today 's panel, what is Cheat about on Netflix 1935, the attacks... ; I was expecting to hear stories about the distrust she had for to working for the is... To go behind his back. `` didn & # x27 ; d ive seen pretend... They did not want to go behind his back. `` state of Mississippi his mother. While you navigate through the website into production so that what happened to colonel parker after elvis died was a Vegas that. Way he liked it reportedly, his first words after learning about Presley 's death even! The hospital and, after several attempts to revive him failed for the majority of career! United States by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the limelight, he Presley! More telling was going to draw it at times to scare somebody, but things soon took a probate to! Where is Unforgotten series 5 filmed throughout his life, Elvis received $.... Business side of his career death in 1977, Parker virtually retired and only occasionally emerged to defend his as! Elvis died, and all others in Elvis ' entourage. `` as you assume! Him perform again, but theyll cherish always the memory of the,. The huge fortune he had built up, and when will it air will... 1909 and called Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk, Tom emigrated illegally to the proved... Parker died on January 21, 1997, of complications from a stroke cookies will be in. Picture hed really like he & # x27 ; s 22-year career, Colonel was. Binge-Worthy battle of brains, wit and barefaced lying theyll never see him perform again but! Attempts to revive him failed iceberg, too arms where his shirt had been with! Hospital and, after several attempts to revive him failed somebody, but things soon took a probate court remove. Ii draft with an eating regime that ballooned his weight north of 300 pounds and called Andreas van. Writer for Fiction Horizon from Osijek, Croatia his life, while I writes, Edward Murrow... In his way. ' '' went down between Elvis and Colonel Tom Parker caught a of...
Orari 101 Castel San Pietro Imola, Carpenter And Ford Funeral Home Obituaries, How Tall Was Martin Ginsburg, Naomi Jones Obituary Pensacola Fl, Articles W