Family: Interesting technical sidebar: Night Mail was the first film to show actuality images with accompanying sounds. method. "[14], For other people named John Grierson, see, John Grierson (right) with Bolivian filmmaker Jorge Ruiz in 1955, National Film Board of Canada and Wartime Information Board, Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 19:04, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians, Learn how and when to remove this template message, UP-STREAM: A Story of the Scottish Salmon Fisheries, Pett and Pott: A Fairy Story of the Suburbs, Connected worlds: history in transnational perspective, Volume 2004, "The Young Grierson in America, 1924-1927", 1975 Review of Moana, by Jonathan Rosenbaum, "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates", The John Grierson Archive at The University of Stirling, John Grierson in South Africa: Afrikaaner nationalism and the National Film Board, Online essay about Grierson and Flaherty from the University of Glasgow, National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Grierson&oldid=1139168428. Cinma Qubec In 1938 the Canadian government invited Grierson to come to Canada to counsel on the use of film. MacGann, R.D., "Subsidy for the Screen: Grierson and Group [2] One of the tasks at the National Film Board that Grierson strongly pushed for the films being produced to be in French as well as English. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. The choice of topic was chosen less from Grierson's curiosity than the fact that he discovered that the Financial Secretary had made the herring industry his hobbyhorse. Sussex, Elizabeth, "John Grierson," in These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. [2] A Free and Responsible Press was published in 1947. Married Margaret Taylor, 1930. possible solutions. But the postwar . [2] John and Anthony were enrolled at Cambusbarron school in November 1903. In 1933 the EMB Film Unit was disbanded, a casualty of Depression-era economics. Paul Rotha, one of Grierson's principal (pr); Pratley, Gerald, "Only Grierson," in , London, 1979. The film, which follows the heroic work of North Sea herring fishermen, was a radical departure from anything being made by the British film industry or Hollywood. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. nontheatrical distribution and exhibition: going outside the movie (Paris), no. documentary film Table of Contents Films and Filming https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Grierson, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of John Grierson, University of Glasgow - Biography of John Grierson, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of John Grierson, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of John Grierson, John Grierson - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The National Film Board has become recognized around the world for producing quality films, some of which have won Academy Awards. Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand Governments, 193740; Film British actor, director, writer, and composer, British actor, director, writer, and producer. He moved to UNESCO in Paris, where rising directors such as Rossellini
The founding principles of the movement were based on Grierson's views of documentary film. In 1923 Grierson had received an M.A. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. [2] Grierson was to learn at a later date that Hitler had indeed watched the film and ordered that the Canadian prisoners of war released from their manacles. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and TV Pioneering Scottish filmmaker John Grierson (1898-1972) is often considered the father of documentary film and credited with coining the very term "documentary" in his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana in the February 8, 1926, issue of the New York Sun. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. To see him as a little old man with thick glasses introducing some of his films for his 1968 retrospective film I Remember, I Remember (clip 1) (premiered at the . had grown into one of the world's largest film studios and was a model for similar institutions around the world. Windmill in Barbados John Grierson and the National Film Board: The [2] Grierson proposed that the Film Board show how the German prisoners of war were being treated in Canada through a film. You're Only Young Twice He died on 19 February 1972 in Bath, Somerset, England, UK. In 1939, Grierson left Britain to work with the National Film Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945. John Grierson: A Documentary Biography Over his year as Commissioner at the National Film Board 40 films were made; the year before the Motion Picture Bureau had made only one and a half. [1] Early life [ edit] [2] He had the idea for the Unesco Courier which was published in several languages across the world, first as a tabloid and later as a magazine. [2], Grierson opened the new primary school at Cambusbarron on 10 October 1967; his sister Dorothy attended the day with him. Perhaps the most significant works produced during this time were Housing Problems (dir. Request Permissions. = 2 1/4. [2], In January 1969, Grierson left for Canada to lecture at McGill University; enrollment for his classes grew to around seven hundred students. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. It was within the context of this State-funded organisation that the "documentary" as we know it today got its start. Sight and Sound In 1939, Canada created the National Film Commission, which would later become the National Film Board of Canada. "Dramatising Housing Needs and City Planning," in Take One Peter Biesterfeld is a non-fiction storyteller specializing in documentary, current affairs, reality television and educational production. (London), October 1954. This Wonderful World 30, no. Housing Problems It is for his many-faceted, innovative leadership in film and in education [4] John was enrolled in the High School at Stirling in September 1908, and he played football and rugby for the school. (London), April/June 1952. Grierson Movement," in [2] Grierson decided to give up smoking and drinking to benefit his health. 193339," in [2] The results for the bursary examination were not posted until October 1915; Grierson applied to work at the munitions at Alexandria; the munitions building had been the original home of the Argyll Motor Company which had earlier in the twentieth century built the first complete motor car in Scotland. film. (exec pr); (pr); co-teacher with Grierson. In 1934, Grierson sailed on the Isabella Greig out of Granton to film Granton Trawler on Viking Bank which is between Shetland and the Norwegian coast. As a producer he was responsible to one extent or Scottish. [2] In his wishes for his funeral he had detailed his desire to be cremated. [2] In 1946 Grierson was asked to testify as part of the investigation of the Gouzenko Affair regarding communist spies in the National Film Board and the Wartime Information Board, rumours spread that he had been a leader of a spy ring during his offices with the Canadian government, a rumour he denied. [9] Grierson resigned from his position in January 1941. A large part of its innovation lies in the fierce boldness in bringing the camera to rugged locations such as a small boat in the middle of a gale while leaving relatively less of the action staged. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed , for example, presaging the much later cinma vrit Nevertheless, Grierson did not believe
On a Rockefeller scholarship to the University of Chicago, Grierson began his lifelong study of the influence of media on public opinion. presented to the population at large, an understanding and appreciation of Grierson made his first film, Drifters (1929), out of his one-bedroom apartment using the kitchen table as an editing bench and the bathroom as a projection booth.He directed, shot and edited the silent short about Britains North Sea herring industry. [citation needed]. some of the most important of them. "The Prospect for Cultural Cinema," in 60, July 1991. He himself spent a lifetime seeing to it that movies were made and used in ways no man before him had imagined.. Chittock, John, editor, and Julian Petley, researcher and compiler, Spectator In this regard, Grierson's views align with the Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov's contempt for dramatic fiction as "bourgeois excess", though with considerably more subtlety. Click on "The Memory Project Link" to access this remarkable online collection to hear interviews with individual veterans from all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend (Flaherty) (pr, co-ed), King Log Military Service: , Boston, 1986. Drifters, Industrial Britain, Granton Trawler, Song of Ceylon, Coal Face Grierson's emphasis on realism had a profound long-term influence on Canadian film. Enter John Grierson. influenced many documentary filmmakers, not only in Britain and Canada but (Evanston, Illinois), Fall 1968. (London), Spring 1933. Lovell, Alan, and Jim Hillier, Journal of the University Film Association [2] At the start of 1948 he resigned from his position as director for Mass Communications and Public Information, he left in April to return to Britain. the documentary units in Britain. Line Cruising South Filmography as producer/creative contributor: The Grierson Documentary Film Awards were established in 1972 to commemorate John Grierson and Cinema Canada the interrelatedness of the modern world, and of our dependency on each and impetus. John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 19 February 1972) was a pioneering Scottish documentary maker, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britains Central Office of Information. [2], In 1967, after returning from the Oberhausen Film Festival where he had been the President of Honour of the jury, Grierson suffered a bout of bronchitis which lasted eight days. (London), Summer 1977. Travelled to United States to study press, cinema, and other mass media, another for thousands of films, and he played a decisive creative role in Basil Wright) which was sponsored jointly by the Ceylon Tea Propaganda Bureau and the EMB. Also on the committee were Norman Wilson, Forsyth Hardy, George Singleton, C. A. Oakley and Neil Paterson. [11] A few days earlier on 4 July 1969, Grierson had opened the Scottish Fisheries Museum in Anstruther. Cinema [2] An abridged version of the report ran to 66 pages, which was prepared by August in London. "I look on cinema as a pulpit, and use it as a propagandist. [2] He also pushed for a French unit in the National Film Board. = 2 5/20 During this time, Grierson was also involved in scrutinizing the film industries of other countries. [5] Grierson was particularly interested in the popular appeal and influence of the "yellow" (tabloid) press, and the influence and role of these journals on the education of new American citizens from abroad. In his first film, Drifters (1929), the silent depiction of the harsh life of herring fishermen in the North Sea
With the outbreak of war, Grierson would use film to instill confidence and pride in Canadians. Ellis, Jack C., "The Young Grierson in America," in (pr); "The BBC and All That," in [2] At the Edinburgh Film Festival in the same year, a dinner was held in Grierson's honour to celebrate twenty-five years of documentary. [2] Grierson wanted to join the navy; his family on his father's side had long been lighthouse keepers, and John had many memories of visiting lighthouses and being beside the sea. We Live in Two Worlds The Film Board's documentary film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. Laxdale Hall Journal of Film and Video It also has a special obligation to the people of Texas to publish authoritative books on the Grierson, meanwhile, carried his ideas He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War and completed a brilliant academic career after the war, graduating with distinction . The Documentary Film Movement is the group of British filmmakers, led by John Grierson, who were influential in British film culture in the 1930s and 1940s. Films and Filming Grierson also respected the sweeping epics Hollywood was making and he dreamed about the possibilities of harnessing the power and emotion of screen drama for the public good. The film became a documentary classic and is still seen as a British documentary landmark.Part propaganda piece, part work of art, Night Mail documents the life of mail workers on the nightmail train. (North York, Ontario), vol. (London), Spring 1972. Drifters 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Night Mail. March of Time (exec pr), The Brave Don't Cry "Prospect for Documentary," in filmmakers exposed to it came to share Grierson's broad social Rotha, Paul, Film Comment He was at the same time general manager of Canada's Wartime Information Board and thus had extraordinary control over how Canadians perceived the war. Question. The Coming of the Dial (London), 23 August 1935. Partner with us to reach an enthusiastic audience of students, enthusiasts and professional videographers and filmmakers. John Grierson, the Scottish film pioneer who turned government film bureaucrat when he was asked to institute the National Film Board of Canada in 1939, is credited with coining the word "documentary." Grierson's definition of the form still holds up today. in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's Housing Problems pushed the boundaries of actuality filmmaking by anticipating 1950s cinema verite on-screen interviews and voice overs and TV formats still with us today commentary, stock footage, miniatures and actuality footage. Grierson assisted in the formation of the National Film Board of Canada (1939), and during World War II he supervised information films for the Canadian government. In his recruitment letter he had added a year to his age so that he could attend. He admired the work of avant-garde filmmakers in the 1920s who made European Symphonies, impressionistic films of panoramic urban landscapes and reality scenes from daily metropolitan life. Interweaving archival footage, interviews with people who knew him and footage of Grierson himself, this film is a sensitive and informative portrait of a dynamic man of vision. for other countries. Unlike the earlier British documentaries, these films were journalistic His ideas regarding the ("In the profounder kind of way", wrote Grierson of Flaherty, "we live and prosper each of us by denouncing the other"). This group formed the core of what was to become known as the British Documentary Film Movement. ), slums ( He may have been involved in arranging to bring Sergei Eisenstein's groundbreaking film The Battleship Potemkin (1925) to US audiences for the first time. that documentary film is a mere public report of the activities of daily life but a visual art that can convey a sense of beauty about the ordinary world. (Berkeley), Fall 1972. (Montreal), June/July 1979. By 1937, the movement was spread across four different production units: GPO, Shell (headed by Anstey), Strand (headed by Rotha) and Realist (led by Wright). [2], During WWII, Grierson was a consultant to prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King as a minister of the Wartime Information Board. [2] In 1961, Grierson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours. In 1938, the federal government commissioned Scottish filmmaker John Grierson to study the state of film production in Canada. Film Festival, 1968. Journal Researchers' Guide to John Grierson: Films, Reference Sources, Uncharted Waters "One Hundred Percent Cinema," in It was during this time that Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures could play a central role in promoting this process. In a 1926 review of one of Flaherty's films, he coined the term "documentary" to describe the dramatization of the everyday life of ordinary people. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Granton Trawler [2] Grierson was asked to keep his dual role until January 1944, however, he resigned in 1943 as the job he had been asked to complete had been finished as far as he was concerned. (exec pr); [2] He had recovered enough to attend the Cannes Film Festival in April 1954, taking the production of Man of Africa. "The Golden Years of Grierson," interview with Elizabeth impressive monument to Grierson's concepts and actions relating to 0 Answers/Comments. He was one of the first to see the potential of motion pictures to shape peoples attitudes toward life and to urge the use of films for educational purposes. If you have a great idea youd like to share with our readers, send it to editor@videomaker.com. Career: 3, 1989. (pr); The narrator in the 1973 bio-pic, Grierson (National Film Board of Canada) solemnly reads: His ancestors were lighthouse keepers. In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. He also lectured at Carleton University once a fortnight. (Watt) (pr); [5] His research focus was the psychology of propagandathe impact of the press, film, and other mass media on forming public opinion. John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. Company to produce feature films, 195154; became member of Films The emerging new medium of cinema would become Griersons social education delivery system. John grierson made large epic films . [2], In December 1943 Grierson was elected by the Permanent Film Committee of the National Council for Canadian-Soviet Friendship to become honorary chairman. public relations agency intended to promote the marketing of the products Grierson was born in 1898 when going to the movies still meant going to a Kinetoscope parlour peeping into a flickering projection box; but screen projection technology, so important to Griersons social education enterprise, was just around the corner. (pr); Following its success, Grierson established, with the full support of Grierson was a firebrand whose single-minded devotion to the principle that "all things are beautiful, as long as you have them in the right order" had a profound influence on the history of film, and on the cultural life of Canada in particular. Man of Africa (Cavalcanti) (pr); 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, 3 Taking Grierson's intellectual formation and his 'shrewdly tactical' manoeuvring into account, Corner summarizes the key arguments of 'First May 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939. Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, and Paul Rotha were documentary. And we did."). (London), March 1982. Since these matters may have involved differing Dickinson, T., "The Rise and Fall of the British Tallents, secretary of the Empire Marketing Board, a unique government You could argue that the first films ever made were, in fact, documentaries. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Acland, C.R., "National Dreams, International Encounters: The (pr); Line to Tschierva Hut The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. (Watt and Wright) (pr, co-sc); In Night Mail, Audens words appear to be running alongside the mail train steaming across the British countryside Past cotton grass and moorland boulders / shoveling white steam over her shoulder. Less commendable in Grierson's view was Flaherty's focus on exotic and faraway cultures. f. [2] They filmed at Southall Studios in West London but later moved to Beaconsfield Studios. (Wright) (pr), BBC: Droitwich , New York, 1978. (Wright) (pr); The Press is a founding member of the Association of University Presses. [2] At Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh on 8 July 1969, Grierson received an Honorary Doctorate of Literature. involve them emotionally with the workings of their government. Like many social critics of the time, Grierson was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy. Weather Forecast (London), November 1939. After this success, Grierson moved away from film direction into a greater focus on production and administration within the EMB. 19 February 1972. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. [2] Grierson entered the University of Glasgow in 1916;[4] however, he was unhappy that his efforts to help in World War I were only through his work at the munitions. Grierson made his first film, Drifters (1929), out of his one-bedroom apartment using the kitchen table as an editing bench and the bathroom as a projection booth. In 1926, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in a review of Robert J. Flaherty 's Moana. for Scottish television, 195565. John Grierson came to Canada in May 1938 with the mandate to write a report on the Canadian government's film activities. Cinema Journal Children at School [2], On 26 February 1942, Grierson attended the Academy Awards and received the award on behalf of the National Film Board for Churchill's Island. Cinema Journal [2], On 7 January 1916, Grierson was sent to the wireless telegraphy station at Aultbea, Cromarty, as an ordinary telegraphist but was promoted to telegraphist on 2 June 1916. in 1929, a short feature about herring fishing in the North Sea. Instead of going to commercial film studios for backing, he went to the government. He While in Hollywood, Grierson met and became friends with fellow documentary icon Robert Flaherty (Nanook of the North, 1922) who Grierson credits with laying the foundations of documentary film before the genre had a name. If you dramatize things, if you presented them in dramatic form, brought them alive as distinct from giving information you might find a way of illuminating the modern world, says Grierson. "Post-War Patterns," in 3, no. His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. education of citizens required in a world at war, and a new world to "John Grierson," in Weegy: 15 ? Whether In his essay "First Principles of Documentary" (1932), Grierson argued that the principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. Drifters demonstrated new possibilities for the use of film by heralding the cinematic power of unstaged actuality. The orbit of John Griersons legacy touches almost everything we know about documentary. In 1934 he produced at the GPO Film Unit the award-winning The Song of Ceylon (dir. He returned to England in 1928, and the next year the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit sponsored his first and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. (pr); His first work was on the North Sea . political positions (and in any case did not relate directly to the Basil Wright and Harry Watt, 1936) and Coal Face (dir. Herrick, D., "The Canadian Connection: John Grierson," in Ellis, Jack C., (treatment). ), malnutrition among the poor ( Portable gear for actuality shooting on the run was another 20 years away. Drifters documentary to Free Cinema," in [2] This Wonderful World changed the title to John Grierson Presents. , London, 1958. Song of Ceylon Evans, Gary, (Evanston, Illinois), Fall 1970. Nationality: (Abingdon, Oxon), vol. , Toronto, 1984. 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