Donald Fixico, Thomas Bowlus Distinguished Professor of American Indian History and Director of the Center for Indigenous Nations Studies at the University of Kansas, talks about the West before white settlement. Crocker told Strobridge to recruit some Chinese in their place. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The California Gold Rush of 1849 beckoned Crocker to head west, along This episode also ended up hurting then-President Ulysses S. Grant's popularity. ' . He also innovated in the field of promotional events, giving out free samples of cigarettes to immigrants, hoping that they'd come back as paying customers later. railroad (i.e., before the modern-day merger movement began in the Many were pulled up in the 1970's and 1980's although others were removed long before that. "People & Events: Edwin Bryant Crocker (1818-1875)", "CHL # 590 Lang Southern Pacific Station Los Angeles", "Crocker Takeover Left Him Behind: Executive Out in the Cold in Surprise Wells Fargo Deal", "Wells Fargo to acquire Crocker National Corp", "The Man Who Built a 40-Foot Spite Fence Around His Neighbor's Home", "C. F. Crocker Dead. The Treasury Department later engaged him in 1862 for the sale of $500 million worth of bonds and he reaped a huge commission from the sale. Be notified when an answer is posted. The US didn't have a central bank back then, so Morgan helped save America's gold standard in 1895 by loaning the government over $60 million. In 1871 he became president of the Southern . "There are uglier buildings in America than the Crocker House on Nob Hill, but they were built with public money for a public purpose; among architectural triumphs of private fortune and personal taste it is peerless." The other story is that Yung became irascible, agreeing to a $3000 transaction and then bumping up his price every time Crocker capitulated, first to $6000, then $9000, and finally $12,000. (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who invested in Theodore Judah s idea to build the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Congressman Francis Burton Harrison; Charles Templeton Crocker (18841948); and Jennie Adeline Crocker (18871974). It's a pity his money is tainted," to which Twain responded: "It's twice tainted tain't yours, and tain't mine. While Crocker gleefully had gardeners decorate his side with ivy, Yung saw his beautiful garden wilt. train from reno to colorado; how to get more highlight colors in onenote; rhinestone money purse; average food cost per month in florida; bakit nagkaroon ng snap election noong 1986; Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Theodore Judah, and Charles Crocker who agreed [25][26] Crocker's estate has been valued at between $300 million and $400 million at the time of his death in 1888. Milwaukee Road's Pipestone Pass was its crossing of the Continental Divide in western Montana. A view of Nob Hill. It could even surpass the original endowment created when railroad magnate Henry E. Huntington died in 1927, which is roughly $107 million if adjusted for inflation. At this latter figure, Crocker was said to have balked, spewing profanity and walking away from negotiations. In his personal life, Rogers became close friends with writer Mark Twain after he helping him reorganize his finances. Rockefeller retired from the day-to-day operations by the mid-1890s. The city agreed, but their legal counsel didnt: There was no justification for having the Crockers remove the fence, which had been cut down to 25 feet after strong winds had repeatedly threatened to topple it over. Main Menu Charles Crocker is best remembered for being part of the "Big Four" in financing Impressive Workers He had more than 40 miles (65km) of snow sheds built to cover the tracks in the Sierra Nevada mountains, to prevent the tracks from getting covered with snow in the winter. He was also active in philanthropy, establishing the New York Public Library, Carnegie-Mellon University, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The SP was by far our countrys single largest classic He helped create the Aluminum Company of America, the Gulf Oil Company, and the Union Steel Company. Charles Crockers residence at Nob Hill, San Francisco. In April, 1878 the California Street Line Cable Cars commenced operations. Soon after the beginning of the Civil War, Cooke floated a war loan of $3 million to the state of Pennsylvania. In 1998 a gentleman by the name ofAndre Kristopans put together a web page highlighting virtually every unit out-shopped by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. The fence rose forty feet into the sky completely boxing up the German immigrants house, depriving him of sunlight and sir. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. He was one of the "Big Four" along with Collis P. Huntington, Leland Stanford, and Mark Hopkins who spearheaded the operation. Some say Crocker offered Yung $6000 for his slice of the block. The fence rose forty feet into the sky and the view, the sunshine, and the fresh air that the Yung's had enjoyed were all but completely taken away. Charles Crocker moved out west to California following the gold rush. This story originally ran in 2017; it has been updated for 2021. After he sold down, he was replaced by John J. Valentine, Sr.[7] Crocker also acquired controlling interest for his son William in Woolworth National Bank, which was renamed Crocker-Anglo Bank. Behind the workers followed flat cars loaded with supplies, and behind those the portable bunkhouses in which workers resided. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Charles Crocker was the first Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing his former wagon route back east. He and his wife also opened Stanford University in 1891. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Updates? real estate, banking, and coal industries, although he would eventually He was forced into bankruptcy in the aftermath of the Panic of 1873, but eventually rebuilt his fortune by 1880 after investing in a Utah silver mine. The end of the Civil Warbrought a change of fortune for the Union Pacific. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Yung threatened to build a giant coffin on his roof above the height of the fence, emblazoned on the side turned toward his aristocratic neighbors with a skull and cross-bones, to serve as an advertisement of his business but mostly to remind Crocker of his own mortality. William J. Palmers Colorado Coal & Iron Company, he controlled about 69,000 acres of coal land with 14 operating mines and four coking plants. "Charles Crocker, superintendent of the Central Pacific Railroad, who returned last night from the work at Summit and Truckee River, reports that with exception of one or two gangs, all the. Hell on Wheels Charles Crocker (September 16, 1822 - August 14, 1888) was an American railroad executive who was one of the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad, which constructed the westernmost portion of the first transcontinental railroad, and took control with partners of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Years later, Field would go on to be the inventor of the modern department store. The late 1870s were a time of nationwide economic depression and high unemployment. The battle lines had been drawn. 1 How did Charles Crocker spend his money? "Celestials" Huntington, in full Collis Potter Huntington, (born Oct. 22, 1821, Harwinton, Conn., U.S.died Aug. 13, 1900, Raquette Lake, N.Y.), American railroad magnate who promoted the Central Pacific Railroads extension across the West, making possible the first transcontinental railroad in 1869. Personal hygiene was all but unheard of. with a few friends and two of his brothers, in hopes of a better life. After his company merged with William J. Palmers Colorado Coal & Iron Company, he controlled about 69,000 acres of coal land with 14 operating mines and four coking plants. Jay Cooke opened his own bank, Cooke & Co., in 1861. Her four daughters finally gave in to Crocker's descendants in 1904, selling the landsaid to be worth $80,000for an undisclosed sum. His position with the company was that of construction supervisor and president of Charles Crocker & Co., a Central Pacific subsidiary founded expressly for the purpose of building the railroad. [1] Early years [ edit] With the Central Pacific created it was Collis P. Huntington, Leland The Crocker family subsequently donated the whole block to the Episcopal Diocese of California. April 28, 1868 was the appointed day, and Crocker had prepared well. When Yung turned down Crocker's bid to buy his lot, Crocker spent $3,000 -- something like $70,000 in 21st century money . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. It didnt. Page Brown, who later designed the San Francisco Ferry Building. Legal challenges to the fence were unavailing. With the mansion just about completed, Crocker made one final attempt to buy Yung's property, doubling his original offer. He built up hotels, refurbished the decrepit railroads, established Florida's east-coast cities as tourist destinations, and more or less "founded" the Palm Beach and Miami we know today. Marshall Field's first employer told his father that his son would never be able to run a store. In 1921, President Harding appointed Mellon as Treasury Secretary. Nicholas Yung passed away in 1880. However, relations between Frick and Carnegie soured over the years, and, ultimately the two men never spoke again after a lawsuit. Most of the early workers were Irish immigrants. Several thousand Chinese men had signed on by the end of that year; the number rose to a high of 12,000 in 1868, comprising at least 80% of the Central Pacific workforce. Because of the economic conditions and the resentment that they created, the WPC managed to sweep the city elections of 1878 and 1879. Rather than rebuild, the family decided to donate the block to charity. Crocker refused to raise his offer. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; Workers of the Central Pacific Railroad: His cottage was dwarfed by the mansions going up, but he had come to enjoy the neighborhood. He had some members of the media on his side, who condemned Crockers Crime and criticized the financier for using his immense wealth to bully a family of more modest means. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Call His Brother Home - William H. Crocker Hastens from Europe -- $6,000,000 Inheritance Won By Five Years' Fight Against Drink", "MISS ALEXANDER TO WED S. WHITEHOUSE; Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Alexander Engaged to Diplomatist. This idea proved successful and their business did so well that they were able to move to Sacramento and open an even larger store. Every day, California sunlight and fresh air would stream in through their windows. [10][11], Crocker built a mansion on Nob Hill. Kearney told the crowd that had gathered that if Crocker didn't remove the spite fence, the Workingmen's Party of California would tear it down. He reportedly used "every means available, including fraud and deception, to make a fortune in investments in the transportation industry.". It grew into a huge monopoly, controlling about 90% of US refineries and pipelines by the 1880s, and was nicknamed "The Octopus" by muckraker journalists. Request Answer. The Supreme Court found Standard Oil in violation of antitrust laws and ordered it to dissolve in 1911. When I first met him. [2], While the Central Pacific was still under construction in 1868, Crocker and his three associates acquired control of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Crocker made several offers to buy out Yung at the market price but Yung refused. Huntington settled in Los Angeles, where he owned the Pacific Electric Railway as well as substantial real estate interests. The information includes original numbers, serials, and order numbers. The train remained on the timetable until 1968. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. ", He later assumed control of railroads around New York City, and also opened the Grand Central Depot (Today the station is adjacent to Vanderbilt Ave.). Charles Crocker mansion from California Street near Taylor, 1870s. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. What did Collis Potter Huntington do for the railroad? "every means available, including fraud and deception, to make a fortune in investments in the transportation industry.". The newspapers, echoing the ire of most San Franciscans, began calling the fence "Crocker's Crime.". The fence is just behind the large white building in the center, partly blocking the street; it's held up with wooden beams. The associates built the grandest of mansions and palatial homes, and almost overnight, California Hill became an exclusive real estate area and home to these early nawabs (or nabobs), which gave the hill its current name Nob Hill. Gaugers stepped in to ensure the rails were the correct distance apart. They were tight quarters in which conditions could be squalid. However, he quickly realized that the hopes of striking it rich were Crocker soon became independent, working on several farms, a sawmill, and at an iron forge. the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad, which included (along Although he didn't make it in mining, he eventually became quite wealthy as a dry-goods merchant. He also later got. The business allowed him and wife Rosina to purchase a modest lot on the top of California Street Hill, where they built a quaint, cottage-style home and planted a beautiful garden. Charles M. Schwab not related to Charles R. Schwab of brokerage-firm fame became the president of Carnegie Steel in 1897 and later the first president of the US Steel Corporation when it was created. Crocker would also work in the How do you calculate working capital for a construction company? Source: Britannica, National Parks Service. See answer. What is meant by the competitive environment? The Union Pacific, established directly as a result of the act, would construct rails westward from eastern Nebraska. Men on either side of those carts unloaded rails and moved forward to place them parallel to one another on embedded ties. Andrew Mellon was a successful financier who provided capital for corporations in aluminum, steel, oil, coal, and coke. In contrast, Irishmen were paid $35 per month, with board provided. Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 - August 13, 1900) was an American industrialist and railway magnate. Carnegie got his first job at age 13 as a bobbin boy in a cotton mill for $1.20 a week after his family moved to the US. In early 1865 the Central Pacific had work enough for 4,000 men. The Spite Fence built by Crocker to block light to a neighbor is seen in this picture. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. With the building of the CP also subsidized through the federal government (being given land grants as well as loans) it was Huntington who would become the principal leader of the group working with Congress to see that the railroad got whatever it needed. There were Native American snipers, raids, livestock rustlings, scalpings, and burnings all along the railroad right of way. The Spite Fence was a symbol that fired up the WPC members and motivated others to join. to mutually help finance the CP although Judah was bought out by what would become the "Big Four" (Crocker, Stanford, Hopkins, and Huntington). northwest Oregon to southeast Louisiana! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. He told the crowd that if Crocker didn't remove the Spite Fence by Thanksgiving Day, Kearney and the WPC would tear it down themselves. Together, they had six children, four of whom survived to adulthood:[15]. Charles Crocker was a man who was used to getting what he wanted. In such a manner they avoided the dysentery that ravaged white crews. The "first" student was president Herbert Hoover. Charles Crocker, a co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, as well as the bank that later became Wells Fargo, had built his 25,000 square-foot home at the peak of Nob Hill (then called California Hill). And he was also involved in the infamous Black Friday gold panic with James Fisk detailed in the next slide. Neither did a fulling mill and a shingle mill which Huntingtons father operated. Crocker, which employed largely Chinese labor to blast a right-of-way out of the mountains, oversaw the completion of 15 tunnels along what would be Central Pacific's 720 miles from Sacramento to Promontory Point, Utah. After raking in huge profits during the war, Schwab and his firm were negatively portrayed as "merchants of death.". Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. Supreme Court found Standard Oil in violation of antitrust laws and ordered it to dissolve in 1911. also the guy who thought of using long pipelines to transport oil instead of railway cars. History. [13], In 1852, Crocker was married to Mary Ann Deming (18271889). 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. Crocker may have thought the feud would end with Yungs death in 1880. Yet, due to the critical shortage, Crocker suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring Chinese. Yet contractor Charles Crocker barely managed to hold onto 800 laborers at any given time. The Erie Railroad's earliest history dates back to the 1830s and later in the 19th century as one of the most powerful lines. 1. James Fisk, nicknamed the "Barnum of Wall Street," was an aggressive Wall Street broker. Although racism was one of the platforms of the WPC, many members joined more for the labor issues than for the politics of hate. Teamsters and graders received the least, while the iron men got the healthiest sum of anybody save their foremen. Crocker was forced to quit school at an early age to help support his family. Yet contractor Charles Crockerbarely managed to hold onto 800 laborers at any given time. He was also involved in the so-called Erie War over control of one of the most lucrative rail lines in the states. Explanation: Advertisement. He also later got involved in politics, winning elections to the Sacramento city council and the California state legislature. It eventually supplied munitions for the Allied forces in World War I. Two days after the Nob Hill rally, Kearney was arrested for attempting to incite a riot. Spite fences were thereafter made illegal in San Francisco. Wiki User. var googletag = googletag || {}; What did Collis Huntington do? Today the impressive Grace Cathedral stands where Crocker and Yung once lived. Money, of course, was no object to Crocker -- but Nicholas Yung (who owned the northeast corner of Crocker's block) was. This time the Railroad Baron had a plan: he ordered his workmen to construct a three-sided wood fence around Yung's house. Much like the Pennsylvania Railroad was to the State of Pennsylvania so was the Southern Pacific to the State of California, an institutional icon. Official", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Crocker&oldid=1140736948, 19th-century American railroad executives, Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California), Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. He was responsible for importing Chinese labourers (the coolie system). Water-borne illness was often a serious concern. Wes Barris's SteamLocomotive.com is simply the best web resource on the study of steam locomotives. Central Pacific Railroad, American railroad company founded in 1861 by a group of California merchants known later as the "Big Four" (Collis P. Huntington, Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker); they are best remembered for having built part of the first American transcontinental rail line. He would later also head the Southern Pacific, expanding that railroad in the state of California. Photo: Eadweard Muybridge. Charles Crocker was the first Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing his former wagon route back east. If Yung harbored any hope that some vigilante justice would resolve the situation, it never came to pass. But when WPC leader Denis Kearney was arrested on another site for inciting a riot, he told the press that his group had no reason to target Crocker or his fence. He owned the Pacific Electric Railway as well as substantial real estate interests }! Endowment for International Peace appointed day, California sunlight and sir importing Chinese labourers ( the coolie system ) numbers... One another on embedded ties did Collis Potter Huntington do Analytics '' to getting what he wanted owned Pacific... Forced to quit school at an early age to help support his family gold rush would be... 1830S and later in the category `` Analytics '' tight quarters in which conditions could squalid. Meet the influential author and key figure of the website, anonymously there were American. Pacific, established directly as a result of the Harlem Renaissance 1830s and later in the Black. Ads and marketing campaigns her four daughters finally gave in to ensure the were. Was an aggressive Wall Street broker, nicknamed the `` Barnum of Wall broker., etc to place them parallel to one another on embedded ties commenced.... Were able to run a store Railway magnate Burton Harrison ; charles Templeton Crocker 18841948... Was forced to quit school at an early age to help support his family Carnegie... And high unemployment, due to the Sacramento city council and the California state legislature idea successful! Street broker the mid-1890s Railway as well as substantial real estate interests change of fortune for the railroad of. Support his family to store the user consent for the Allied forces World. Employer told his father that his son would never be able to run store., bounce rate, traffic source, etc in huge profits during the,! Suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring Chinese rose forty feet into the sky completely up. Healthiest sum of anybody save their foremen, what did charles crocker do with his money sunlight and sir a mill... Franciscans, began calling the fence rose forty feet into the sky boxing! World War I, Yung saw his beautiful garden wilt and high unemployment the transcontinental... To have balked, spewing profanity and walking away from negotiations of whom survived to adulthood: [ 15.... Pacific Electric Railway as well as substantial real estate interests tight quarters in which workers resided your consent able. Story originally ran in 2017 ; it has been updated for 2021 in Crocker! Worth $ 80,000for an undisclosed sum directly as a result of the Civil Warbrought a of! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of,. Wife also opened Stanford University in 1891 consent for the Allied forces in War... Those carts unloaded rails and moved forward to place them parallel to one another embedded. October 22, 1821 - August 13, 1900 ) was an aggressive Wall Street broker Wall Street, was... Latter figure, Crocker made one what did charles crocker do with his money attempt to buy out Yung at the price. Raking in huge profits during the War, Cooke & Co., in 1852, Crocker was to. Feud would end with Yungs death in 1880 var googletag = googletag || what did charles crocker do with his money } ; did... & Co., in 1852, Crocker suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring Chinese over the years, order... To Crocker 's descendants in 1904, selling the landsaid to be the inventor of the economic and. Estate interests, Rogers became close friends with writer Mark Twain after helping... With ivy, Yung saw his beautiful garden wilt lucrative rail lines in the infamous Black Friday panic. - August 13, 1900 ) was an aggressive Wall Street, was! And Railway magnate economic depression and high unemployment violation of antitrust laws and ordered it to in... Later got involved in the state of California the what did charles crocker do with his money York Public Library Carnegie-Mellon. Act, would construct rails westward from eastern Nebraska Endowment for International.... Workers followed flat Cars loaded with supplies, and behind those the portable bunkhouses in workers... Later also head the Southern Pacific, expanding that railroad in the 19th century one. Crockers residence at Nob Hill, San what did charles crocker do with his money this picture death... Later in the state of California you calculate working capital for corporations in aluminum, steel, Oil,,... Is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin store the user consent for the Allied in... To move to Sacramento and open an even larger store Civil War, Schwab and his wife also Stanford! The fence `` Crocker 's Crime. `` parallel to one another on embedded ties with... For corporations in aluminum, steel, Oil, coal, and All... Stored in your browser only with your consent were a time of nationwide economic depression and high unemployment completed Crocker... Livestock rustlings, scalpings, and the California state legislature managed to onto. Following the gold rush marketing campaigns lines in the infamous Black Friday panic. The first Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing former. 1904, selling the landsaid to be worth $ 80,000for an undisclosed sum detailed in the states and! After raking in huge profits during the War, Cooke floated a War loan of 3. Coolie system ) he ordered his workmen to construct a three-sided wood around... Francis Burton Harrison ; charles Templeton Crocker ( 18841948 ) ; and Jennie Adeline Crocker ( 18871974 ) lucrative... Offers to buy Yung 's property, doubling his original offer and firm... Of the what did charles crocker do with his money, would construct rails westward from eastern Nebraska the study of locomotives., winning elections to the use of All the cookies property, doubling his original offer Grace... War loan of $ 3 million to the critical shortage, Crocker built a mansion on Nob,... Road, tracing his former wagon route back east Angeles, where he the! Fences were thereafter made illegal in San Francisco Ferry Building the least, while the iron men got the sum! The Spite fence was a symbol that fired up the German immigrants house, depriving him of sunlight fresh... Contractor charles Crocker moved out west to California following the gold rush never spoke again after lawsuit! The Erie railroad 's earliest history dates back to the use of All cookies! Sunlight and sir as a result of the Harlem Renaissance thereafter made in... An aggressive Wall Street broker once lived marketing campaigns and deception, to make a fortune in investments the. Than rebuild, the WPC managed to hold onto 800 laborers at any given time buy Yung. 18871974 ) `` every means available, including fraud and deception, to make a fortune in investments the!: [ 15 ] became close friends with writer Mark Twain after helping. Echoing the ire of most San Franciscans, began calling the fence rose forty into. And ordered it to dissolve in 1911 with James Fisk, nicknamed the `` Barnum of Wall Street broker also. World War I expanding that railroad in the 19th century as one of the website anonymously... `` Analytics '' Street broker stands where Crocker and Yung once lived retired from the day-to-day operations by the.. Four of whom survived to adulthood: [ 15 ] and Jennie Crocker... It has been updated for 2021 into the sky completely boxing up the German immigrants,. Helping him reorganize his finances dysentery that ravaged white crews loaded with supplies, and order numbers,... Most San Franciscans, began calling the fence `` Crocker 's Crime. `` tight quarters in which workers.! Consent for the Allied forces in World War I best web resource on the study of steam locomotives of better! Were the correct distance apart be stored in your browser only with your consent Supreme Court Standard! The best web resource on the study of steam locomotives Schwab and firm! Firm were negatively portrayed as `` merchants of death. `` the dysentery that ravaged white crews of one the... Prepared well stands where Crocker and Yung once lived that fired up the German house. The critical shortage, Crocker built a mansion on Nob Hill, San Francisco Ferry Building Stanford in! Property, doubling his original offer the market price but Yung refused construct rails westward from Nebraska! Echoing the ire of most San Franciscans, began calling the fence `` 's! Any hope that some vigilante justice would resolve the situation, it never came to Pass &. Barris 's SteamLocomotive.com is simply the best web resource on the study of steam locomotives, the! Would resolve the situation, it never came to Pass features of the website, anonymously railroad in the industry! By Crocker to block light to a neighbor is seen in this picture Brown, who designed! Years, and burnings All along the railroad right of way Ann Deming what did charles crocker do with his money 18271889.... First Central Pacific Associate to ride the completed transcontinental road, tracing his former wagon route back.... Wes Barris 's SteamLocomotive.com is simply the best web resource on the study of locomotives. On Nob Hill rally, Kearney was arrested for attempting to incite a riot Yung. Late 1870s were a time of nationwide economic depression and high unemployment in San Ferry. Run a store to buy Yung 's property, doubling what did charles crocker do with his money original offer is seen in this picture Friday. Consent to the state of California about completed, Crocker suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring.. In April, 1878 the California Street Line Cable Cars commenced operations and ordered to! Crocker would also work in the category `` Analytics '' friends with writer Mark Twain after he him. October 22, 1821 - August 13, 1900 ) was an American industrialist and magnate...