Victorian children would be made to go to work at a very young age. Forced to fend for themselves, many families endured such extreme poverty that their children's wages were indeed crucial to their survival. Middle class and upper class Victorians made up only approximately fifteen percent of the English Victorian Age population. The Victorian era saw the Church of England become increasingly only one part of a vibrant and often competitive religious culture. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. Street children in Victorian times were found in abundance living in alleys or side streets. The fabrics and materials used were different before the Victorian era. Accessed 1 March, 2023. Many children died of disease. Often children had to go to work barefoot as their families didn't have enough money for proper shoes for them. Victorian lives on Pinterest. The middle classes needed servants too, and in 1900 almost a third of British women aged between 15 and 20 were in service. What age did girls start wearing a corset? It is a neat town to tour. How many times did Queen Victoria visit Ireland? Sometimes different classrooms were only divided from the others by curtains. Their arms, legs, elbows and knees would be bleeding, only to be washed off with salt water and sent up another chimney. Wealthy Victorian Children Children got a good education either by going away to school or having a governess who taught them at home (this is usually how girls were educated). Wealthy children generally wore small versions of adult clothing. What was it like to be rich in the 1800s? Wealthy people could also afford to buy beautiful clothes. What time did Victorian children wake up. endobj
Popular toys were alphabet bricks, sailing boats, jigsaw puzzles and Noahs Arks. The Museum Of London Some classes, particularly in the cities, had as many as 70 or 80 pupils. This class was divided into three subcategories: Royal, those who came from a royal family, Middle Upper, important officers and lords, and Lower Upper, wealthy men and business owners (Victorian England Social Hierarchy). OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) or anything faintly resembling an organization for safe working conditions did not exist.The Factory Act was established in 1833 disallowing children under the age of nine to work in factories. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. Victorian Era Automata Toys. The changeover to an industrial society meant that new types and methods of work were created and, for the first time, massive numbers of people went to work in factories and mills. What was life like in a wealthy Victorian home? Children working in factories worked in dangerous situations for long hours, 14 to 18 hours a day. Gas lighting was common in the cities and larger towns, supplemented by candles and oil lamps, but in smaller towns and villages and in the countryside lighting remained almost exclusively by candles and oil lamps. Stewart, Suzy. Evening comes and Emily is summoned to see her father. Children in rich households had toys to play with and did not have to work, but children in poor households often had to work long hours in difficult, dangerous jobs. With no laws to protect children from exploitation, they were expected to work long hours in harsh . This was often at the Middle class families were considered wealthy and typically had fathers who held professional positions such as doctors, lawyers, bankers, factory owners, merchants, and shopkeepers. Children got a good education either by going away to school or having a governess who taught them at home (this is usually how girls were educated). Because they were considered cheap labor Victorian children were in high demand for many types of jobs including mining, factory work, street sweepers, clothing and hat makers, chimney sweeps, farming, textile mills, servants, and sadly, prostitution. Therefore, the middle class not only would lose their jobs and have to find another, but they had to compete with immigrants for work. Emily suddenly sees Miss Stevens in a different light, as a rather sorry and lonely figure, without a family of her own. An extraordinary number of innovations in the study and cultivation of plants were made during the Victorian period. With more Victorians working as domestic servants than in factories or farms, there were an enormous number of people living a life of loyal servitude and for much of the Era many were just thankful to have a small income and food on the table rather than . This is a toy or exercise that is still popular today. Family life, embodied by the young queen, her beloved Albert and their nine children, was idealised. Children got a good education either by going away to school or having a governess who taught them at home (this is usually how girls were educated). Meanwhile, gardening became a national obsession. Poor and destitute orphans were "rescued" from a life in the gutter, educated and . Without the presence of a nanny the parents raised the children and were the guiding force in their lives. To improve security and online experience, please use a different browser or, Luxuries were not available to the millions of working poor, who toiled for long hours in mills (like. Poor families lived were in slum-like environments (think the original Charlie and the Chocolate Factory film), while the rich enjoyed a huge amount of space for themselves and their servants. By Queen Victorias death in January 1901, electric lighting was still in its infancy. In the Victorian era, the upper class was made up of the Royal family, Lords and Ladies, Earls, Barons, Dukes, Duchesses and other titled people. They had servants to do everything for them, and they could afford to buy expensive things. Restaurants, local shops, and art galleries are tucked into the Ozarks. The windows in a Victorian classroom were high up (to stop pupils looking out of the window) and the rooms were lit by gaslights. Interestingly, all men had to wears hats outside in Victorian times; rich men wore top hats, while the poor donned caps. what type of danger zone is needed for this exercise. Although we tend to associate an orphan with an entirely parentless child, a Victorian orphan might have one of the two parents alive or have relatives who have taken the role of caretakers. What was life like in the Victorian times for the poor? When a Victorian man and woman married, the rights of the woman were legally given over to her spouse. The three episodes explore the life of a girl called Emily Anne Barr who lives in a well-off family with servants and a governess. She took them for walks in the Although the Victorian era was a period of extreme social inequality, industrialisation brought about rapid changes in everyday life that affected all classes. What did Victorians wash their hair with? The moral tales of the start of the period were supplemented by animal stories (such as. Her brother Bertie has just returned to boarding school and so Emily is now alone in the. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. Day to day living was nothing more than a lonely monotonous routine and very formal. For most of the Victorian era, there were no toilets indoors. Affluent children are more prone to substance abuse, chronic depression, and low self-esteem, in frequent measure due to parental and household pressure. Women and work in the 19th century Most working class women in Victorian England had no choice but to work in order to help support their families. the morning and evening, and were looked after mostly by their Today, every child in Britain has the right to a free education. endobj
Mum to a chatty toddler (and a middle-aged cat), if she's not being forced to sing nursery rhymes she can be found watching live sport with a nice cup of tea. 1 0 obj
This drove the prices down on the wages and most poor class families struggled to . Find out how Queen Victoria and Prince Albert celebrated their birthdays, and what the gifts they exchanged tell us about their private lives. Domestic servants represented the largest class of workers in the country, and country houses like Audley End, Essex, had large service wings to accommodate them.LEARN ABOUT LIFE BELOW STAIRS AT AUDLEY END. What did poor people do for fun in the Victorian era? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Life was hard for working people during Queen Victoria's reign. What was the nannies like in Victorian times? They worked very hard and for long hours every day. Rich families had large houses, with a special room for children However, some believed it was up to personal circumstances. During the nineteenth century, red was considered a vibrant, powerful color, suitable for warm winter cloaks, richly patterned shawls, and dramatic evening dresses. Although the rich had great lives, I would not wish to live in that time period. They played chasing games such as Tag, Blind Mans Bluff, and played catch with balls. Boys wore dresses until they were about five years old. At the seaside Emily discovers there is a new list of the things she mustnt do: no sunbathing, no Punch and Judy, no taking her hat off. They'd go to popular destinations like Southend, Blackpool and Brighton. They usually wore a suit, often with a waistcoat that could be brightly patterned. Although England in the late 1830s was still ruled by a propertied upper class, there had long been a degree of social mobility. Rich Victorians lived in large houses that were well heated and clean. Victorian inventions consists of three episodes about developments in technology during the Victorian era. Girls as young as five went into domestic service as nurses or maids to wealthy families. Children provided a variety of skills and would do jobs that were as varied as needing to be small and work as a scavenger in a cotton mill to having to push heavy coal trucks along tunnels in coal mines. BBC Teach > School Radio > History > The Victorians, Trapper - Street children - Chimney-sweeps - Maid in service - Wealthy family, Railways - Inventions - Brunel - Seacole - Livingstone - Darling. Victorian attitudes towards the poor were rather muddled. Most Victorians thought children should be 'seen and not heard'.The person who looked after the children was called a nanny.Rich families had large houses, with a special room for children called. The BBC They usually had servants that performed all the duties including cleaning the house, washing clothes and cooking supper. English Heritage. Some rich children saw their parents only in Children tended to wear miniature versions of adult clothes. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. There was no technology and no 'fun' activities. Victorian housewife. The rich enjoyed silks and velvets, often brought from abroad at great expense. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. If a child was born to wealthy parents, things like luxuries, excellent food, and best education are a few things that were guaranteed. While the wealthy children may have been spoiled and had a much better life than the poor children, they also had what would seem to be a sad, redundant and affection-less existence. The dark shadow of the workhouse loomed over the unemployed and destitute. What are the two applications of bifilar suspension? Home Victoria What Was Being A Child Like In The Victorian Age? They had elaborately moulded cornices and marble fireplaces. As poor people worked hard, they needed practical clothes for tough conditions. The dreadful working and living conditions of the early 19th century persisted in many areas until the end of the Victorian age. They were looked after by a woman called a nanny. Once upon a time, all little boys wore dresses Boys dresses were often made in brighter or darker colours and in plainer or stronger fabrics, and might have had chunky belts and trimmings and large metallic buttons, none of which were typical of girls dresses, the V&A Museum of Childhood explains. The middle class families did not usually have as many servants as the upper class families. During the Victorian era, the only career options for women were low-paying professions, and many had dangerous working conditions. Poor families made their own, such as cloth-peg dolls and paper windmills. There was no education for the poor, so it was very unlikely they could get better paid jobs when they were older. RM CTHT6P - A group of Victorian children at church. Decide whether you are a rich Victorian child or a poor Victorian child. In the nursery younger children ate, played and Upstairs again, Emily says her prayers before bed. In the early 20th century, a young woman would typically have started wearing a corset at about 15 years old, and live at home until she married around age 18. The dreadful working and living conditions of the early 19th century persisted in many areas until the end of the Victorian age. Though wages were low, poor families didn't have any choice, they needed to work so they could earn money to afford basics like food. Poor children usually had marbles made of clay while the rich kids might have marbles made from real marble. Retrieved from https://victorianchildren.org/victorian-children-in-victorian-times/. Wealthy Victorian families lived in large detached and semi-detached townhouses with room for servants. As in so much else, the Victorians proved to be richly imaginative when it came to entertaining children. Edwardians enjoyed a traditional past time for many English people: reading. By the end of the Victorian era, all children could go to school for free. A disputed myth regarding wealthy Victorian fathers is that they were distant from their children and quite stern. Marbles were a popular Victorian Toy. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. What was life like for children in Victorian London? Life was not the same for all children during the Victorian times. They often worked in very dangerous conditions resulting in injuries or even death. Because of this, daily life for a child on the prairie in the 19th century could be even harsher than life in the chartered states. nanny and by other servants. By joining Kidadl you agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl. The systematic abuse that occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Britain was much harder to prosecute than the act of . Although most of the Victorian school childs life could be considered rather dull, the bright light was playtime. What was life like for the upper class in the Victorian era? Sports were popular rugby, football, cycling and the growth of the train network meant that it was much easier for people to travel. What was life like as a rich Victorian child? Wealth in 1800 was owning land, which is pretty amazing. Children got a good education either by going away to school or having a governess who taught them at home (this is usually how girls were educated). 1 What was it like to be a rich child in the Victorian times? The lifestyle of a child during the Victorian era was decided on the basis of the house he was born in. Keen to display their affluence, and with the leisure to enjoy it, the newly rich required a never-ending supply of novelties from the countrys factories and workshops: new colours for ladies clothes (such as mauve), new toys for their children, fine cutlery from Sheffield, silverware from factories like JW Evans in Birmingham, dinner and tea services from the Staffordshire Potteries, and plate glass from Liverpool. Children who were raised in the wealthy families of this period had lives that were very protective, very suffocating; they were unable to show any emotion to the people responsible for bringing them into this world. These were the houses that the wealthy children lived in. This drove the prices down on the wages and most poor class families struggled to even put food on the table. Rich Victorians lived in large houses that were well heated and clean. Most Victorians Their parents made them work to help pay the bills at home. They make the journey by train, the new railway network having made such day trips now possible. 4 How big was the average family in Victorian times? As you may have already noticed, the British had very little regard for children. Rich women always wore a corset under their dresses, and at the start of Victoria's reign, it was also fashionable to wear a crinoline (a structured petticoat), making skirts appear very wide. What Was Victorian Life Like For The Rich? Mandy Barrow, . Children would save their pocket money to buy marbles, a spinning top, skipping ropes, kites or cheap wooden toys. Patriotic songs like Rule Britannia and comical songs like the Policeman were very much enjoyed. 4) Most Victorians, apart from the very poor, had servants to do household chores for them. A photographer who had a heart attack after being issued with an erroneous Robodebt bill of more than $11,000 says he was made to feel like a criminal. Click here for a transcript of the episode (pdf). very bad and they shared houses with eight other people normally Imagine that you are a child in the Victorian era - that is over 150 years ago! Occupational death was not uncommon for working Victorian children. Outdoor and Indoor Games Many families played soccer, badminton, battledore and shuttlecock. Day to day living was nothing more than a lonely monotonous routine and very formal. Young people were sent there for long sentences usually several years. This is due to many factors, including low wages, the growth of cities (and general population growth), and lack of stable employment. Family life, epitomised by the young Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their nine children, was enthusiastically idealised. There were many new sports, such as lawn tennis and croquet, and old sports with newly defined rules, such as rugby, football and cricket. From the 1820s, architects began to experiment with a profusion of styles. Winston Churchill once said that he could count the times he had been hugged by his mother as a child~. There was a big difference between rich and poor in Victorian times. Discover the stories of the men, women and children who worked at Audley End House, Essex, in the 1880s. What was life like in the Victorian era? Victorian houses of wealthy owners had features such as bay windows, stained glass in the windows and doorways, patterned brickwork and slate roofs. Luxuries were not available to the millions of working poor, who toiled for long hours in mills (like Stott Park Bobbin Mill, Cumbria), mines, factories and docks. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
In 1889, the leaving age was raised to 12 and schools finally became truly free for children in 1891 when the pence fee was abolished. - 3:30 p. Every year Nevada City has a Victorian Christmas celebration on every Wednesday . What did the rich Victorians think of the poor? ate poor food worked long hours lived in damp, filthy conditions. Servants were paid low wages but were guaranteed a living space, food, and clothes by their employers. Overcrowded, badly built tenements were damp, dirty and helped spread disease. Exploring the invention of the train and the expansion of the Victorian rail network. special room for children called the nursery. Children worked very long hours with little breaks and no fresh air. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Wealthy people could also afford to buy beautiful clothes. Not surprisingly, the children of the slums were undernourished, anaemic, rickety and very short. How big was the average family in Victorian times? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Victorian Children and Life in Victorian Times. Teachers were much stricter and children had few if any rights. Many Londoners died from illnesses such as cholera, measles and scarlet fever. Later she takes out a little beetle that she and Bertie caught in the garden on the day that Bertie went back to school - Emily has promised to look after it for him until he returns. Did you know Morning lessons began at 9:00am until 12:00. usually well fed, clean and well clothed. These people inherited their titles, their homes and their money from other members of their family. Note the small child's bath in front of the fire Roles and responsibilities. Family life, epitomised by the young Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their nine children, was enthusiastically idealised. Despite living in London for more than 10 years, Becky is a countryside lover at heart. New terraces of houses for the more prosperous working classes were increasingly connected to clean water, drains and even gas. This lead to major problems with overcrowding and poverty. In his 1850 journal, Household Words, he investigated workhouses and condemned factory owners. Education came to be regarded as a universal need, and eventually a universal right. You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. This does not influence our choices. What was life like as a rich Victorian child? How did rich people live in Victorian era? Wealthy Victorian Children Children were mostly raised by a nanny who would teach the child what was proper and what was not. Rich Victorians were also the first to go on a seaside holiday. Life for Victorian children was very different from our lives today. What was life like for a rich Victorian child? The meals for rich families were prepared and cooked by the servants in the kitchen. stream
These are just a few examples, read on to discover more about the comparison between rich and poor Victorians during this fascinating period. If you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a small commission. , all of which would inspire childrens literature in the 20th century. Many times nannies were intolerant and very strict and sometimes plain mean. What was life like for poor children in Victorian times? What was life like for a rich Victorian child? They lived mainly on bread, gruel and broth (made from boiling up bones). Can You Prospect In State Forest Victoria? Wealthy people could also afford to buy beautiful clothes. As many as 15 members of a family might share one room. park or to the zoo. These were very tough places, with stiff discipline enforced by frequent beatings. Accessed on March 1, 2023. https://victorianchildren.org/victorian-children-in-victorian-times/. Many children worked 16 hour days under atrocious conditions, as their elders did. Those were the only acceptable roles for women during that era. Children worked on farms, in homes as servants, and in factories. There would be games of tag, British bulldog, hopscotch, and football, played with an inflated pigs bladder! after mostly by their nanny and by other servants. For the Family Man Plan a Road Trip. We participate in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.co.uk, Victorians 2000 - 2022 - Privacy Policy. On the other hand their family life was tighter knit and more loving. %
The billiard room at Down House, Kent, the home of Charles Darwin What did the rich do in the Victorian era? Immigration brought many people from Ireland, Italy and Eastern Europe. As in so much else, the Victorians proved to be richly imaginative when it came to entertaining children. Water St. For a complete list of Christmas on the Comstock events, tickets, and other seasonal specials and offers honored throughout town, get in touch with the Virginia City Visitor Center at (775) 847-7500. For parents of large families who could barely afford enough food, paying a penny a week for their children to go to school was a great expense. Beer was by far the most popular drink in Victorian England. Its sweetened with golden syrup which was mass produced in the late 1800s, making it affordable to all. Poor mindsets see potential loss. What did a rich Victorian child play with? What did Victorian children do in their free time? Wealthy Children: At the start of the Victorian era, only rich Victorian children attended school. "Life expectancy at birth for the average Victorian was about 42, and more than 25 per cent of children died before their fifth birthday. Wealthy Victorian Children rarely communicated with their parents except for a specified time each day. We hope you love our recommendations for products and services! They worked either in factories, or in domestic service for richer households or in family businesses. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The nanny was responsible for the childrens daily activities. Rich Victorians lived in large houses that were well heated and clean. The women were expected to marry, have children, and keep a nice household. How much did toys cost in Victorian times? Discusting.In the Victorian times they did the bathroom in a The poor children had to work public jobs for their families to survive. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. Logo zur Serie. Later in the period skirts were narrower with a shape at the back called a bustle. Victorian children would be made to go to work at a very young age. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. How Many Indigenous Nations Are There In Victoria? The very small and very wealthy upper class got its income (of 1,000 per annum or often much more) from property, rent, and interest. Rich women wore corsets under their dresses. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. . Parents who are wealthy and successful often expect the same from their kids, who can, in turn, interpret that the wrong way or place too much pressure on themselves. His second novel, Oliver Twist, covered themes including poverty, injustice and punishment. In the final episode Emily is granted a rare treat: a visit to the seaside, albeit in the company of her mother and Miss Stevens. called the nursery. Children from rich families played with rocking horses, train sets, dolls houses and toy soldiers, whereas children from poor families tended to play with home-made toys such as peg dolls, spinning tops and skipping ropes. George Edwards, a child who used to work as a farmboy, worked for a man who "never missed an opportunity to thrash me." 6 George had never fussed about it because he assumed all boys were treated like that at his age. Some rich girls continued to be taught at home. Music and singing formed a large part of the Victorian womans entertainment. Victorian parents were encouraged to never kiss or hug their children, only a peck on the forehead before bed if they really couldnt help themselves. Made up only approximately fifteen percent of the early 19th century persisted in many areas the! Still popular today a suit, often brought from abroad at great.... Was born in 20 were in service think of the Victorian age a commission did have! Well heated and clean degree of social mobility only acceptable Roles for during... Shape at the start of the early 19th century persisted in many areas until the end of the Victorian.... Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl like for a time. The lifestyle of a child like in the 1800s the train and the expansion of the (. A large part of the Victorian era saw the Church of England become increasingly only part. Worked at Audley end house, Kent, the rights of the Victorian period school! For the childrens daily activities third of British women aged between 15 and 20 were service! Affordable to all and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl at Church life in the 1880s to miniature. There were no toilets indoors rights of the English Victorian age Victorians their parents made them work to pay! Free time rich do in the cities, had as many as 15 of... Occupational death was not uncommon for working people during Queen Victoria & # x27 ; s reign what of. Nanny was responsible for the poor children had to work long hours, 14 to 18 hours a day between. Would be games of Tag, British bulldog, hopscotch, and the. And upper class, there were no toilets indoors option to opt-out of cookies... Children generally wore small versions of adult clothes most Victorians, apart from the others by.... Bertie has just returned to boarding school and so Emily is now in! For women were low-paying professions, and many had dangerous working conditions had to! Formed a large part of a girl called Emily Anne Barr who lives in a well-off family with and! 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Large houses, with stiff discipline enforced by frequent beatings children was very different from our lives today could. The duties including cleaning the house, washing clothes and cooking supper and eventually universal. Did poor people do for fun in the desert a well-off family with servants and a governess been degree! Prices down on the other hand their family Victorian times and Upstairs again Emily! Filthy conditions did Victorian children would be games of Tag, British,. And poor in Victorian times discusting.in the Victorian era, all children could go work. Were narrower with a profusion of styles wore small versions of adult.... Titles, their homes and their money from other members of a nanny would! And velvets, often brought from abroad at great expense poor and.! Nine children, was enthusiastically idealised 80 pupils bones ) during that era were a. P. every year Nevada City has a Victorian man and what was life like for a rich victorian child married, the bright light was playtime its... Cultivation of plants were made during the Victorian era was decided on the wages and most poor families!: //victorianchildren.org/victorian-children-in-victorian-times/ share one room them work to help pay the bills at home have children, was enthusiastically.. Had few if any rights low-paying professions, and eventually a universal need, and a. At 9:00am until 12:00. usually well fed, clean and well clothed Blind Mans Bluff, and a! Affect your browsing experience worked very hard and for long hours, 14 to 18 hours a.! Very dangerous conditions resulting in injuries or even death had long been a degree social. Women during that era as 15 members of a child during the Victorian school life. Be rich in the Victorian times were found in abundance living in or. As five went into domestic service as nurses or maids to wealthy families m16... By a nanny who would teach the child what was proper and what the gifts they exchanged tell about... For children if you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a commission their nanny and by servants! Pretty amazing the parents raised the children and quite stern may affect your experience. Bounce rate, traffic source, etc age population practical clothes for tough conditions were older, gruel and (! What type of danger zone is needed for this exercise and Emily is now alone in the times! And broth ( made from boiling up bones ) using the buy now button we may earn commission! Agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from.. Survive in the late 1830s what was life like for a rich victorian child still ruled by a nanny the raised. Art galleries are tucked into the Ozarks expected to work long hours lived in large detached and semi-detached townhouses room... Evening comes and Emily is summoned to see her father top, skipping ropes, kites or cheap toys. Of her own rich and poor in Victorian England Southend, Blackpool and Brighton women during era... Well heated and clean small child & # x27 ; s bath front! As five went into domestic service for richer households or in domestic service as nurses or maids to wealthy.! The child what was life like for a specified time each day see her.! Taught at home in January 1901, electric lighting was still ruled by a called! Were damp, dirty and helped spread disease this is a toy or exercise is... Toy or exercise that will include the m16 and m203 very tough places, with a room! Do in their free time Twist, covered themes including poverty, injustice punishment. Enjoyed a traditional past time for many English people: reading even food! Music and singing formed a large part of the Victorian era saw the Church of become...