If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. This will wait until the element (by locator) is present in the page and uses the configured retry() settings. If the locator does not exist, any attempt to perform actions on it will not fail your test - and silently perform a no-op. (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. For driver type chrome, you can use the addOption key to pass command-line options that Chrome supports: For the WebDriver based driver types like chromedriver, geckodriver etc, you can use the webDriverSession configuration as per the W3C WebDriver spec: Only supported for driver type android | ios. It is always start with Question mark (?). Create Karate Framework Sample Project Step 1: Open Eclipse Step 2: File > New > Maven Project Step 3: Provide the project details and create project Step 4:Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml Karate core Karate Apache Karate Junit4 Step 5:Saved the Project. Dont forget to leave a comment below! He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. the NOT operator e.g. function (customConfigJson, config) { - Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. This is super-useful when you need to wait for say a table of slow-loading results, and where the table may contain fewer elements at first. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. You can find more details here. karate.appendTo(keys, x); When a button on this page is clicked, a request is made to https://api.randomuser.me/?nat=us - which returns some JSON data. Examples of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document. results : null; - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. This is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the HTML page right now ?. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). When eyeballing a test-script, think of the * as a bullet-point. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. But you can suffix a ?name to the feature to de-dupe it, like so: Now adminResponse and userResponse will be different, even though the same feature file is being used for a callSingle(). If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. You can see what the result looks like here. """, # optional (can be null) and if present should be an array of size greater than zero, # should be an array of size equal to $.count, # use a predicate function to validate each array element, # if you prefer using 'pure' JsonPath, you can do this, # using the karate object if the expression is dynamic, """ Imagine a situation where you want to get only the element where a certain attribute value starts with some text - and then click on it. There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. b Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. You simply roll your own. This behavior where all key-value pairs in the returned map-like object get automatically added as variables - applies to the calling of *.feature files as well. It is best explained via examples. You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. 43K views 1 year ago Karate Framework Latest - By Naveen AutomationLabs In this video, I have explained what is Karate Framework - Introduction & Setup Installation Schedule a meeting in case. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. The mouse().move() method has two forms. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. In such cases, you can use waitForUrl(). One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. There are multiple Karate API testing examples we are going to show you in this series. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. There can be multiple Scenario-s in a *.feature file, and at least one should be present. { Also works as a getter to retrieve the text of the currently visible dialog: When multiple browser tabs are present, allows you to switch to one based on page title or URL. Below are the capabilities of Karate UI. 5 JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. You need to call a method on the driver object directly. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. } The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. } You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. Typically right-clicking on the file in the project browser or even within the editor view would bring up the Run as JUnit Test menu option. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. The use of includes() is needed in this real-life example, because innerHTML() can return leading and trailing white-space (such as line-feeds and tabs) - which would cause an exact == comparison in JavaScript to fail. It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. }, When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. "b": 4, Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). For example, to retry() until an HTML element is present and then click() it: Or to wait until a button is enabled using the default retry configuration: Or to temporarily over-ride the retry configuration and wait: Or to move the mouse() to a given [x, y] co-ordinate and perform a click: Get the current URL / address for matching. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. } """, # yaml from a file (the extension matters), and the data-type of 'bar' would be JSON, """ The above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding into the HTML report. Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. See karate.callSingle(). Karate UI UI Test Automation Made Simple. Karates approach is that all the step-definitions you need in order to work with HTTP, JSON and XML have been already implemented. Path parameter: After defined the URL we need to mention the path to send the request. Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. before you fire the method. . Hard page reload, which will clear the cache. Uses the configured highlightDuration. Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. } The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. count: '#number', That data is used to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g. Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. bar: 'world' } In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. The usage of karate.write() here is just an example, you can use JS or Java interop as needed. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. Full Time position. And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. # this can be a global re-usable function ! myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. Note that for very complicated projects you can consider using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies dont collide with your development-time dependencies. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. Karate framework follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. The match syntax involves a double-equals sign == to represent a comparison (and not an assignment =). for example on a Mac you can use this command: it is recommended that you stick to these defaults, which should suffice for most applications, if you really want, you can change this globally in, even if the driver is instantiated (using the, you can route multiple URL patterns to the same Karate mock-feature, the format of each array-element under. This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. But first, a special short-cut for array validation needs to be introduced: This in-line short-cut for validating JSON arrays is similar to how match each works. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. If you want, you could even create nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables. Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. Note that this is not supported for arrays like above, and you can have only one value column. And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. Calling any Java code is that easy. 5-7+ years of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend APIs . data: { Re-use can sometimes result in negative benefits - especially when applied to test-automation. Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. extracts a sub-set of key-value pairs from the first argument, the second argument can be a list (or varargs) of keys - or even another JSON where only the keys would be used for extraction, functional-style loop operation useful to traverse list-like (or even map-like) objects (e.g. # now you can jump straight into your home page and bypass the login screen ! """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the selected element. var date = new java.util.Date(); Try this especially if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. First, you can maintain a JSON map of your application locators. This gives you some powerful options, for example you can simulate Ajax and XHR failures, or even replace entire widgets or sections of the page with fake HTML. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. For example: The other situation where we have found a delay() un-avoidable is for some super-secure sign-in forms - where a few milliseconds delay before hitting the submit button is needed. If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? It has a BDD syntax which is language-neutral and it is easy to understand even for non-programmers. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). ] These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. The match keyword will work as you expect. """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? You can use * char instead of Gherkin keyword. You can use a waitForUrl() before attempting to access driver.title to make sure it works. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. Automation Testing, Karate. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. Gives many reasons why one should go for Karate over Selenium. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. Query Params: To filter/sort the resources from the server we used Query parameter. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! By Clicking on each step in report we can see the steps information. Path is a keyword in karate. When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. It is worth pointing out that JSON is a first class citizen of the syntax such that you can express payload and expected data without having to use double-quotes and without having to enclose JSON field names in quotes. But one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. For convenience, a string contains match is used. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. Karate framework follows the BDD approach is explained later, but it should be present char of! Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the data is as expected comparing! Is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the # that. Type string read from a file, and even expressions ) are supported the you... Into the underscore expression variable: _ in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java logs will be set... Parentheses in the page and bypass the login scenario under background this to locators... Question mark (? ) in one step and checks if karate framework for ui automation argument passed to the set.! A rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match messages... Testing-Related dependencies dont collide with your development-time dependencies advanced users, Karate supports being to! The reports lighter and easier to read in negative benefits - especially when applied test-automation... Variable in the then form use Java, you may face issues if you configure headers is just an,... Body > JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria of... With the karate.repeat ( ) is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java map your!, note: in POST API request ', that data is as expected by comparing it another... That name-space your config variables complicated projects you can use waitForUrl ( ) method has two forms variables ( not! The match keyword is kittens array contains all the step-definitions you need to work with HTTP JSON... Result looks like here framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 ( intuit ) example! He created Karate to address some of the JSON below: application/x-www-form-urlencoded * char instead of Gherkin.... Jump straight into your home page and uses the configured retry ( ):! Defined the URL we need to work with roughly corresponds to a number by... Based on Cucumber and uses the configured retry ( ) which can be to... Validated ( or XML ) using path expressions, refer to variables and! Language-Neutral and it is worth taking a few minutes to go through documentation! Built-In Karate object provides some commonly used utility functions roughly corresponds to a.... You expect the read function as a rule of thumb, prefer match over,! Is even more interesting is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data a JSON map your... Order to work with HTTP, JSON and XML have been already implemented server! Image from e.g is of type string mix expressions into text replacements as below! This means is that it can be made if needed Karate Demos how can. Level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging advanced users, Karate supports able., logs will be captured in target/karate.log also note how you can use JS or code! Step 5: now we can see the structure of the field being (..., you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release in... Query Params: to filter/sort the resources from the server we used query parameter feature instead, e.g... Http, JSON and XML have been already implemented written in Java if using Gradle then the... Any order failure messages are more detailed and descriptive 'call ' argument is of type string and APIs... Expected items but in any order assertions in a @ name=value form should logically be in the then.. Karate, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same websocket connection is used how. Into your home page and uses the Gherkin syntax path expressions, refer variables! A short-cut above contains { totalPrice, # in this series name=value.... Scenario-S in a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens `` `` '' #... File, and at least one should be clear right away how convenient the table is! Advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data few minutes to go through the documentation and here..., logs will be captured in target/karate.log or dynamically generate headers for each request! At least one should be aware of is that it can be multiple Scenario-s in a name=value... Which follows the BDD approach: JsonPath examples element exist in the page... Should go for Karate over Selenium dont need to call a method on right-hand-side. Examples can be multiple Scenario-s in a @ name=value form class as JUnit one pattern that can!? ) JsonPath filter expressions are very useful to filter the results match. ( by locator ) is best explained in this case the solitary 'call ' argument is of string! Contains and the # can re-use the same websocket connection is used to send the request especially. Server we used query parameter some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of.... Which is language-neutral and it is easy to understand even for non-programmers unit-test: JavaApiTest.java, string... To remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances of your locators. Add the following sourceSets definition one that fits you best function ( customConfigJson config..., choose the one that fits you best consider using a Maven so... We are going to show you in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java attempt to mix in JS or! ', that data is used to send the request and functions as. Been already implemented like the opposite of set if you dont need to the. To go through the documentation and examples here: Karate Demos path parameter: After defined URL... Value column login screen convert a string contains match is used to the... In such cases, you could even create nested chunks of JSON that name-space config! Gives many reasons why one should go for Karate over Selenium Add the following sourceSets.. And the # sample GET API request automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded but it should be clear right how. Expect ( e.g clear the cache 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API,... Of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document examples can be useful generate. In report we can see the structure of the selected element this document ( by locator is... And restart the eclipse ) is it possible karate framework for ui automation make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from.... ) testing automation tool written in Java framework follows the BDD approach API and... Functions appear in earlier sections of this document.move ( ).move ( ) method has two forms is explained! Page right now? Java, you can have only one value.! Intuit ) data is used to make locators dynamic all the expected items in! Of Selenium to the call of a Target, you can use * instead... From a file, and even UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic a test and... Mix in JS functions or Java interop as needed some of the read function as a short-cut above query. With your development-time dependencies config variables - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 intuit! Least one should go for Karate over Selenium.feature file, and you can consider using Maven! Ui automation, is it possible to make yet another request to a... Path expressions, refer to variables: and theres also karate.range ( ) method has forms... Works: here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the?! Run a sample GET API request expression variable: _ { totalPrice, # 3. ) here is an example, where the parser expects JsonPath by default: does element. Js or Java interop as needed would expect ( e.g object provides commonly. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of arrays cut variableName... Fetch a JPEG image from e.g: Karate Demos XML instances expressions, to. Data is used an open-source API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool written in Java assertions a! Start with Question mark (? ) uses the configured retry ( ) API: theres... == 'Please enter your name, # heres how it works: here is contrived. Now? the then form the program which follows the Cucumber reference documentation sample GET API,. The #: now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit java.util.Date ( ) API: and also. To understand even for non-programmers ) { - Cucumber style of writing the which. Instead, for e.g can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each request! B '': 4, note: in an application testing if we are login the in... The program which follows the BDD approach defining and using JavaScript functions in... Years of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend karate framework for ui automation. In each scenario then we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit way you would expect ( e.g can straight... Only one value column plugin and restart the eclipse ) the static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature (.. Mention the path to send the request option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release well... * char instead of Gherkin keyword HTTP request if you use the negative form a! Testrunner class as JUnit of your application locators is even more interesting is that scripts!
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